Determination of Forms of Sulfur in Coal

Shimp, N.F.; Kuhn, John K.; Helfinstine, Roy John

doi:10.1080/00908317708945972

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…28,29 The sulfidic sulfur content is then calculated from the 1:2 stoichiometry of FeS 2 . In other words, the inherent assumption in the method is that sulfide in coal exists as pyrite; therefore, the concentration of sulfide is dependent upon the iron content.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Sulfur in Biochar Produced from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Oak and Corn Stover

Cheah

Malone

Feik

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

118

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The effects of feedstock type and biomass conversion conditions on the speciation of sulfur in biochars are not well-known. In this study, the sulfur content and speciation in biochars generated from pyrolysis and gasification of oak and corn stover were determined. We found the primary determinant of the total sulfur content of biomass to be the feedstock from which the biochar is generated, with oak and corn stover biochars containing 160 and 600–800 ppm sulfur, respectively. In contrast, for sulfur speciation, we found the primary determinant to be the temperature combined with the thermochemical conversion method. The speciation of sulfur in biochars was determined using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), ASTM method D2492, and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Biochars produced under pyrolysis conditions at 500–600 °C contain sulfate, organosulfur, and sulfide. In some cases, the sulfate contents are up to 77–100%. Biochars produced in gasification conditions at 850 °C contain 73–100% organosulfur. The increase of the organosulfur content as the temperature of biochar production increases suggests a similar sulfur transformation mechanism as that in coal, where inorganic sulfur reacts with hydrocarbon and/or H2 to form organosulfur when the coal is heated. EDS mapping of a biochar produced from corn stover pyrolysis shows individual sulfur-containing mineral particles in addition to the sulfur that is distributed throughout the organic matrix.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Sulfur in Biochar Produced from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Oak and Corn Stover

Cheah

Malone

Feik

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

118

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“…Sulfur speciation analysis was conducted using the methods described by Shimp et al ( 1977 ) and Tuttle et al ( 1986 ). Sulfates were extracted from the shale with hydrochloric acid (6 M) and precipitated from the obtained solution by barium chloride (10 wt%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxidative Metabolism of Fossil Hydrocarbons and Sulfide Minerals by the Lithobiontic Microbial Community Inhabiting Deep Subterrestrial Kupferschiefer Black Shale

et al. 2018

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Black shales are one of the largest reservoirs of fossil organic carbon and inorganic reduced sulfur on Earth. It is assumed that microorganisms play an important role in the transformations of these sedimentary rocks and contribute to the return of organic carbon and inorganic sulfur to the global geochemical cycles. An outcrop of deep subterrestrial ~256-million-year-old Kupferschiefer black shale was studied to define the metabolic processes of the deep biosphere important in transformations of organic carbon and inorganic reduced sulfur compounds. This outcrop was created during mining activity 12 years ago and since then it has been exposed to the activity of oxygen and microorganisms. The microbial processes were described based on metagenome and metaproteome studies as well as on the geochemistry of the rock. The microorganisms inhabiting the subterrestrial black shale were dominated by bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas, Limnobacter, Yonghaparkia, Thiobacillus, Bradyrhizobium, and Sulfuricaulis. This study on black shale was the first to detect archaea and fungi, represented by Nitrososphaera and Aspergillus genera, respectively. The enzymatic oxidation of fossil aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons was mediated mostly by chemoorganotrophic bacteria, but also by archaea and fungi. The dissimilative enzymatic oxidation of primary reduced sulfur compounds was performed by chemolithotrophic bacteria. The geochemical consequences of microbial activity were the oxidation and dehydrogenation of kerogen, as well as oxidation of sulfide minerals.

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“…Errors in the pyritic or sulfate determinations will accumulate in the organic sulfur calculation for which no reliable independent method of analysis exists (15).…”

Section: Current Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Iron-Bearing Minerals in Fossil Fuels and Petroleum Source Rock by Iron-57 Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Karl

Zuckerman

1981

Advances in Chemistry

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The Mössbauer techniques described here have important advantages over current methods for analyzing coal and petroleum source rock. During the first stage of analysis, the iron-containing minerals are identified by comparing the line positions with values for pure mineral samples. In the second stage, absorption intensities are used to deter mine relative amounts of mineral, and in the final step, absolute amounts of the mineral iron in the sample are found. In oil shales, four iron-containing minerals are predominant: pyrite, dolomite, siderite, and illite. The results are related to those from x-ray diffraction analysis where the correspondence is not always complete. ny spectroscopic method is intrinsically capable of yielding only three types of information: (1) identity-on the basis that identical sys tems behave in an identical way; (2) purity, or the composition of a physical mixture-on the basis that physical mixing does not alter spectro scopic properties; and (3) information concerning structure, bonding, and the forces between molecules. It is a strange commentary that the appli cation of Mossbauer spectroscopy to the first two of this list of three possibilities has come rather late, for these analytical applications would 1 Current address: Degussa Hanau,

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Determination of Forms of Sulfur in Coal

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Speciation of Sulfur in Biochar Produced from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Oak and Corn Stover

Speciation of Sulfur in Biochar Produced from Pyrolysis and Gasification of Oak and Corn Stover

The Oxidative Metabolism of Fossil Hydrocarbons and Sulfide Minerals by the Lithobiontic Microbial Community Inhabiting Deep Subterrestrial Kupferschiefer Black Shale

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Iron-Bearing Minerals in Fossil Fuels and Petroleum Source Rock by Iron-57 Mössbauer Spectroscopy

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