Determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection

Lantz, R.J.; Farid, K Z; Koons, J R; Tenbarge, J.B.; Bopp, Ronald J.

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(93)80239-z

Cited by 54 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Gas chromatography (GC) with electron-capture [6], mass spectrometric [7,8], or flame ionization [9] detection has been used to determine several of these drugs and their metabolites. Other relevant work includes quantification of the enantiomeric forms of both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine by HPLC [10] and CG-ECD [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of antidepressants in pharmaceutical formulations

et al. 2002

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SummaryAn easy, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is proposed for simultaneous determination of five antidepressants (trazodone, citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and clomipramine) and norfluoxetine, a major metabohte of fluoxetine. Optimum conditions for the quantitative separation were investigated. The compounds were separated on a Nova Pack Cls column with acetonitrile-pH 2.5 phosphate buffer, 40:60 (v/v), as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min 1.. Stability of solutions, hnearity, repeatability and reproducibility, accuracy, specificity, and detection and quantification limits were examined to validate the method. The method is rapid and sensitive and can be applied to the analysis of antidepressants in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids; norfluoxetine can also be determined in these matrices. We have tested the method by analysis of several pharmaceutical formulations; recoveries obtained were bef,,veen 102.7% and 98.2% of the labelled values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of antidepressants in pharmaceutical formulations

et al. 2002

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“…The analytical methods used for the quantitative determination of selective SSRIs have recently been reviewed by Eap and Baumann [3] underlying the need for the availability of separation tools for this class of drugs characterized by significant differences in their chemical structure and metabolism. The analytical methods so far used for the determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in serum or plasma are mainly HPLC and GC methods with UV [8,9], fluorescence (HPLC) [6,10,11], electron capture [12], nitrogen-phosphorus detectors (GC) [13] or mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [14]. Most of the methods available for chiral separation used the indi-rect method (chemical derivatization to the relative diastereoisomeric complexes) with the nonchiral analysis system [6, 14±16] and few the direct methods using cyclodextrin [17,18], chiralcel ODR [7,19] and ovomucoid or Tris (3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) cellulose HPLC stationary phases [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantiomeric separation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in plasma and serum samples with high detection sensitivity capillary electrophoresis

et al. 1999

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A capillary electrophoresis method was optimized for the stereoselective analysis of the antidepressant drug fluoxetine and its main demethylated metabolite norfluoxetine using a cyclodextrin‐modified sodium phosphate buffer at pH 2.5. The combination of a neutral and a negatively charged cyclodextrin, dimethylated‐β‐ and phosphated‐γ‐respectively, provided the baseline enantiomeric separation of the two compounds. The very low concentrations of chiral selectors employed together with the use of a high sensitivity detection cell of special design (zeta‐shaped) in a diode array UV detector allowed us to reach a limit of detection of 0.005 and 0.01 μg/mL for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine, respectively. Analysis of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine standard mixtures showed a reproducibility of migration times and peak area and linearity in the concentration range of 0.1—2.0 μg/mL. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of clinical serum and plasma samples of patients under depression therapy. In all the analyzed samples the enantiomeric forms of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were easily identified. The fluoxetine and metabolite enantiomeric ratio confirmed the stereoselectivity of the metabolic process of the fluoxetine drug in accordance with the literature data.

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“…Most of the studies already carried out on SSRIs have accomplished the separation of Fluoxetine and its main metabolite, norfluoxetine, in biological samples (serum, plasma, or tissues) by several techniques including highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet detection [22 -24], GC-electron-capture detection (ECD) [25], GC-mass-selective detection (MSD) [26], and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography [27]. Other studies include the quantification of the enantiomeric forms of both Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine by HPLC [28] and GC-ECD [29] techniques.…”

Section: Tamoxifenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary gas chromatographic determination of Tamoxifen in the presence of a number of antidepressants in urine

Rodríguez¹,

Berzas

Contento

et al. 2003

J of Separation Science

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A capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionisation detection is described for the determination of Tamoxifen in association with the antidepressants Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, and Clomipramine, using Anastrozole as the internal standard. Optimal conditions were investigated: column head pressure (110 kPa), injector and detector temperature (2308C and 2508C, respectively), time and temperature of the splitless step (1.25 min and 808C), injected volume (2 lL), and oven temperature programme. This provided analysis times of under 11 minutes. Good results were obtained for different aspects including stability of the solutions, linearity, accuracy, and precision. Detection limits between 2.4 and 12 lg L -1 were obtained for all the studied compounds. A ruggedness test of the method was carried out using the Plackett-Burman fractional factorial model with a matrix of fifteen experiments. The method which has been developed is easy, rapid and sensitive and has been used to determine Tamoxifen, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, and Clomipramine present at clinically relevant levels in urine. Before GC-FID determination, it was necessary to apply a simple extraction preconcentration step to the urine using a C 18 cartridge with methanol as eluent.

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Determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of antidepressants in pharmaceutical formulations

Sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of antidepressants in pharmaceutical formulations

Enantiomeric separation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in plasma and serum samples with high detection sensitivity capillary electrophoresis

Capillary gas chromatographic determination of Tamoxifen in the presence of a number of antidepressants in urine

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