Determination of fecal fats containing both medium and long chain triglycerides and fatty acids

Kn, Jeejeebhoy; Ahmad, Sarfaraz; Kozak, Gosia K.

doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(70)80021-2

Cited by 147 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Feces were collected for the last 2 d of feeding and weighed. Fecal lipids were extracted by the method of Jeejeebhoy ( 10 ). Liver lipids were extracted by the method of Folch et al ( 11 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fermentation Product of Phytosterol Including Campestenone Reduces Body Fat Storage and Body Weight Gain in Mice

Suzuki¹,

Konno²,

Shimizu³

et al. 2007

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Anti-obesity effects of a fermentation product of phytosterols including campestenone in ICR mice were investigated. Five-week-old male ICR mice were fed by the pair-feeding method for 8 wk. Experimental feed was prepared by adding TO-001, a phytostenone mixture produced by fermentation of phytosterols using Nocardioides simplex , at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% or no additive to a high fat diet (fat 20%). Mice fed a stock feed (fat 5.6%) ad libitum were used as the standard growth group. In animals fed the high fat diet, control (no added TO-001) mice showed a weight gain that was about 10% higher than for the standard growth group. TO-001 reduced body weight dose-dependently. Final body weights of 0.5% and 1.0% TO-001-fed mice were lowered by about 9% and those of 2.0% TO-001-fed mice by about 12% compared with the control mice. Visceral and subcutaneous fat weight in mice fed TO-001 was significantly lower than that in mice fed the control diet. The concentrations of serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly lower in the 1.0% and/or 2.0% TO-001-fed mice. Furthermore, levels of liver TG and TC were decreased in the TO-001-fed group. Increase of total lipid excretion in the feces was dose dependent. No obvious abnormalities due to consumption of TO-001 were detected by a blood biochemical examination, clinical observations or necropsy. The results suggested that TO-001, a fermentation product of phytosterols, may be a promising component of dietetic functional foods. Key Words phytostenone, campestenone, fermentation of phytosterol (plant sterol), antiobesity, visceral fat Phytosterols, also called plant sterols, are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and ␤ -sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol are found in high concentrations in seeds such as corn, soybeans, sesame and rapeseed, and their oils. Phytosterols are partially metabolized into phytostanols via 3-oxo derivatives by the following pathway ( Fig. 1): phytosterol → phytost-5-en-3-one (5-phytostenone) → phytost-4-en-3-one (4-phytostenone) → 5-phytostan-3-one (phytostanone) → 5-phytostanol (phytostanol). This metabolic pathway is reported in higher plants, and the metabolic intermediates and phytostanol are usually distributed only in trace amounts in plants ( 1 -3 ).Phytosterol inhibits the uptake of dietary cholesterol from the small intestine through competition for the micellar solubility of cholesterol, causing a decrease in blood cholesterol levels. Sugano et al. ( 4 ) reported that phytostanol, a saturated metabolite of phytosterol, exhibits hypocholesterolemic action much greater than that of the original phytosterol.On the other hand, Konno et al. ( 5 ) found that phytostenones, particularly in 5-campestenone, have antiobesity action by reducing blood TG and body fat accumulation, in addition to their hypocholesterolemic activity. They also reported that this compound acts as an anti-diabetic in the type 2 diabetes animal models, C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice ( 6 ) and Zucker diabetic fatty rats ( 7 ).The mode of ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fermentation Product of Phytosterol Including Campestenone Reduces Body Fat Storage and Body Weight Gain in Mice

Suzuki¹,

Konno²,

Shimizu³

et al. 2007

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Three-to 5-d pooled stool collections were obtained and stored at 40C and fecal fat content was determined by the method of van de Kamer et al (6). In patients receiving mediumchain triglycerides, the fecal fat content was analyzed by the method of Jeejeebhoy et al (7). If the patient had been receiving pancreatic enzymes with meals, enzyme supplements were discontinued at least 48 h before commencement of the stool collection.…”

Section: I-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of Exocrine Pancreatic Function in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Pancreatic Sufficiency

et al. 1992

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ABSTRACT. Patients with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic sufficiency were investigated for evidence of progressive pancreatic disease. From a cohort of 630 patients, 20 pancreatic-sufficient patients became pancreatic insufficient after an average duration of 5.6 y (range 0.6-20.6 y) from diagnosis. Among 54 patients documented to be pancreatic sufficient by direct pancreatic stimulation test, 47 remained pancreatic sufficient and seven developed pancreatic insufficiency. The patients who ultimately developed pancreatic insufficiency were younger and had greatly reduced outputs of enzyme, fluid, and electrolytes. Those who remained pancreatic sufficient showed enzyme secretion close to or within the non-cystic fibrosis control range. Twenty of these patients underwent a second pancreatic stimulation test after an average interval of 4 y (range 1.3-6.2 y). No significant alteration in enzyme, fluid, or electrolyte output was seen in the patients who remained pancreatic sufficient, but there was further reduction in enzyme and fluid output in the patients who developed pancreatic failure. In conclusion, the majority of pancreatic-sufficient patients with pancreatic enzyme secretion within the control range showed no deterioration of function over an extended time period. However, a small number of pancreatic-sufficient patients with reduced enzyme and fluid secretion are at risk of pancreatic failure. (Pediatr Res 32: 179-182, 1992) in CF neonates diagnosed by newborn screening reveal that 38% of CF infants are pancreatic sufficient at diagnosis (3), but 21% of these patients develop pan creatic insufficiency between 3 and 36 mo of age. This observation supports the previous suggestion that some pancreatic-sufficient patients will develop pancreatic insufficiency with advancing age. Also, in nonscreened populations , the variable age of diagnosis and modes of clinical presentation may be attributed to varying onset of signs and symptoms of pancreatic failure.There are few data concerning longitudinal changes of exocrine pancreatic function in patients with pancreatic sufficiency. Our current cross-sectional data suggest that pancreatic-sufficient patients are capable of secreting adequate amounts of pancreatic enzymes to ensure normal digestion, but it is important to emphasize that this subgroup of CF patients is characterized by a wide range of acina r capability, from mean values similar to control subjects to enzyme secretory rates as low as I to 2% of the mean normal rate (4). The wide variation of exocrine pancreatic function in pan creatic-sufficient patients together with the fact that these parti cular patients are prone to recurring attacks of acute pancreatitis (5) strongly suggest that ongoing pancreatic damage occurs . To evaluate this possibility, we have assessed pancreatic-sufficient patients for evidence of progressive pancreatic disease and have attempted to characterize those at risk of developing pancreatic failure. Abbreviations PATIENTS AND METHODS

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“…A single batch of each feed was used throughout the experiment. The colostrum was analyzed for fat (7), lactose (YSI automatic analyzer, model 127, Yellow Springs, OH, U.S.A.), total protein (Kjeldahl method after trichloroacetic acid precipitation of protein and assuming a conversion factor of 6.38 for nitrogen to protein; Kjeltec Auto Analyzer 1030, Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden), and total energy content (adiabatic bomb calorimetry; Parr Instruments, Moline, IL, U.S.A.). The formula then was constructed from semipurified ingredients to match the macronutrient composition of the colostrum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonnutritive Factors in Colostrum Enhance Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in the Newborn Pig

et al. 2000

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Colostrum is a complex source of nutrients, immune factors, and bioactive substances consumed by newborn mammals. In previous work, we observed that protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle of newborn piglets is enhanced when they are fed colostrum rather than a nutrient-matched formula devoid of growth factors. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this response, we contrasted the fractional rates of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein synthesis of newborn piglets that received only water with those fed for 24 h with colostrum, a nutrientmatched formula, or mature sow's milk. Compared with water, feeding resulted in a 2.5-to 3-fold increase in total skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and this increase was 28% greater in the colostrum-fed than either the formula-or mature milk-fed piglets. Feeding also stimulated muscle ribosome and total polyadenylated RNA accretion. Ribosomal translational efficiency, however, was similar across all fed groups. The greater stimulation of protein synthesis in colostrum-fed pigs was restricted entirely to the myofibrillar protein compartment and was associated with higher ribosome and myosin heavy chain mRNA abundance. Taken together, these data suggest that nonnutritive factors in colostrum enhance ribosomal accretion and musclespecific gene transcription that, in turn, stimulate specifically the synthesis of myofibrillar proteins in the skeletal musculature of the newborn. Abbreviations FSR, fractional synthesis rate MHC, myosin heavy chain GAPDH, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase polyA, polyadenylated RNA rRNA, ribosomal RNA Colostrum is a source of nutrients, immune factors, and bioactive substances for the newborn mammal. Although the benefits of the consumption of nutrients and immune factors are readily apparent, the functional significance to the offspring of the numerous hormones and growth factors present in colostrum is unclear. Studies that have compared the growth of newborns have demonstrated an enhanced anabolic response, especially of the visceral organs, associated with colostrum feeding (1-4). This response is often attributed to the presence of trophic factors, but this speculation remains to be proven. In addition, inadequate consideration has been given to the fact that the consumption of colostrum also entails the ingestion of a larger quantity of nutrients than that typically provided by mature milk or many formulas. Thus, to distinguish between the stimulatory effects of macronutrient intake and the trophic effects of other growth-promoting substances in colostrum, we compared the protein synthetic response of newborn piglets to feeding with colostrum, mature sow's milk, or a formula with a macronutrient composition similar to that of colostrum but devoid of potentially bioactive molecules (5, 6). We observed that protein synthesis rates in skeletal and cardiac muscle, brain, and jejunum were higher in colostrum-fed than formulafed piglets; other organs did not show this enhanced response.The high rate of protein synthesis associated with col...

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Determination of fecal fats containing both medium and long chain triglycerides and fatty acids

Cited by 147 publications

References 6 publications

A Fermentation Product of Phytosterol Including Campestenone Reduces Body Fat Storage and Body Weight Gain in Mice

A Fermentation Product of Phytosterol Including Campestenone Reduces Body Fat Storage and Body Weight Gain in Mice

Decline of Exocrine Pancreatic Function in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Pancreatic Sufficiency

Nonnutritive Factors in Colostrum Enhance Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis in the Newborn Pig

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