Determination of explosives residues in soils by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography

Kleiböhmer, Wolfgang; Cammann, Karl; Robert, Jan M.; Mussenbrock, Elmar

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)83448-2

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A descarga de rejeitos gerados durante a manufatura e o processamento, bem como o nível de contaminação causado por explosivos variam amplamente, dependendo da intensidade das operações de manufatura e da eficácia das tecnologias empregadas no tratamento dos resíduos 3 . Devido aos altos índices de contaminação por explosivos nos solos, nas águas superficiais e subterrâneas e em locais próximos de indústrias manufatureiras, surgiram vários estudos relacionados com a determinação destes compostos nos solos e nas águas [4][5][6][7][8] . Os explosivos são compostos orgânicos que contêm nitrogênio, que se oxidam formando pequenas moléculas gasosas (N 2 , H 2 O e CO 2 ) 3 e que sob ação de um choque térmico, elétrico ou mecânico se decompõem rápida e espontaneamente, com a evolução de uma grande quantidade de calor e de gases, a elevada temperatura e pressão 9 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Adsorção/dessorção do explosivo tetril em turfa e em argissolo vermelho amarelo

Falone¹,

Vieira²

2004

Quím. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recebido em 7/4/03; aceito em 12/4/04; publicado na web em 27/8/04 ADSORPTION/DESORPTION OF THE EXPLOSIVE TETRYL IN PEAT AND YELLOW-RED ARGISSOL. This paper presents the study of adsorption/desorption of the explosive tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethyl-nitramine) in different matrices, such as in natura soil, roasted soil, humic acid of soil, in natura peat, roasted peat and humic acid of peat. The aim of the study is to evaluate the interaction capacity of those matrices with the explosive. The analytic technique used was HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), with UV-detection at 230 nm. The Freundlich isotherms were utilized for the mathematical treatment of the data. The results indicated that in natura soil and in natura peat (with organic substances) are excellent matrices for the retention of tetryl, adsorbing it and keeping it immovable, preventing it from contaminating the groundwater. The largest adsorption of the explosive ocurred in in natura soil, while the smallest desorption was observed in in natura peat. After the calcination of the matrices, the smallest adsorption was observed, indicating that the retention occurs in the organic substance.Keywords: explosive; adsorption; desorption. INTRODUÇÃOUm dos sérios problemas ambientais que são causados pelas indústrias de armamentos é a presença de explosivos em locais onde as munições foram manufaturadas, estocadas, usadas ou ainda desmilitarizadas 1 , sendo tais artefatos dispostos indevidamente no meio ambiente 2 . A produção, estocagem e disposição de explosivos nas instalações militares iniciou-se antes da I Guerra Mundial, embora a grande maioria destas instalações tenha aumentado e intensificado suas atividades durante a II Guerra Mundial. Na Alemanha e nos EUA há um grande número de locais altamente contaminados por explosivos e munições em geral 2 . No Brasil, a maior quantidade de explosivos é produzida pelo exército. A fabricação ou importação desses compostos por particulares é permitida somente com a autorização do Ministério do Exército, mesmo assim o risco de contaminação existe, uma vez que o controle do uso desses artefatos ainda é incipiente.A principal fonte de contaminação de superfícies aquáticas por nitro-compostos está associada principalmente aos processos industriais de fabricação de bombas e munições em geral. A descarga de rejeitos gerados durante a manufatura e o processamento, bem como o nível de contaminação causado por explosivos variam amplamente, dependendo da intensidade das operações de manufatura e da eficácia das tecnologias empregadas no tratamento dos resíduos 3 . Devido aos altos índices de contaminação por explosivos nos solos, nas águas superficiais e subterrâneas e em locais próximos de indústrias manufatureiras, surgiram vários estudos relacionados com a determinação destes compostos nos solos e nas águas 4-8 . Os explosivos são compostos orgânicos que contêm nitrogênio, que se oxidam formando pequenas moléculas gasosas (N 2 , H 2 O e CO 2 ) 3 e que sob ação de um choque térmico, elétrico ou mecânico ...

show abstract

Section: Introductionunclassified

Adsorção/dessorção do explosivo tetril em turfa e em argissolo vermelho amarelo

Falone¹,

Vieira²

2004

Quím. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 3 shows some of the survey of explosive residue analysis with various instrumentation technique and types of explosive samples. RDX -X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) [105] Lead and mercury Detonator X-ray fluorescence (XRF) [106] RDX, TNT, 4-AMDNT, TNB, DNB, 2,6-DNT, 2-NT, 4-NT, Tetryl, HMX, NB Soil Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [107] Arsine compound ,TNT gas shells Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [108] TNT, RDX, PETN -Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) [61] TNT, 2,4-DNT, 2-ADNT, 4-NT, HMX, EGDN,NG explosives using electrospray ionization/ion mobility spectrometry (ESI-IMS) […”

Section: Other Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

MJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing threat of terrorism activities has caused an urgent need of improved forensic explosive analysis. Complex matrices, limited samples, and ambiguous interpretations serve as challenges for a forensic chemist in order to link the evidence to the perpetrator of the crime. This review focuses on three aspects namely screening techniques, extraction techniques, and instrumental techniques. For the screening techniques, this review focuses on fast detection based on chemical respond for preand post-explosion residues. Different types of extraction methods including swabbing technique, solid phase extraction, and solid phase microextraction were discussed. Instrumental techniques covered in this review included gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. AbstrakPeningkatan ancaman aktiviti keganasan telah membawa kesedaran akan perlunya penambahbaikan dalam analisis forensik. Matriks sampel yang kompleks, sampel terhad dan penafsiran yang tidak jelas menjadi satu cabaran dalam bidang kimia forensik untuk mengaitkan antara bahan bukti dan pelaku jenayah. Ulasan ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada tiga bahagian iaitu teknik saringan, teknik pengekstrakan dan teknik instrumen. Untuk kaedah saringan, kajian ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada pengesanan pantas residu letupan berdasarkan tindak balas kimia untuk sebelum dan selepas letupan. Pelbagai jenis kaedah pengekstrakan dibincangkan termasuk teknik sapuan, pengekstrakan fasa pepejal, dan pengekstrakan fasa pepejal mikro. Teknik peralatan yang akan dibincangkan dalam ulasan ini pula melibatkan kromatografi gas, kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi, kromatografi ion dan elektroforesis rerambut.

show abstract

“…HPLC has been commonly used as a separation technique in several works concerning explosives 11. A minority of these works are forensic studies and the great majority of them are focused on environmental matters 12–19, contemplating explosives as contaminating agents, mainly in areas close to manufacturing or ammunition plants 12–14 and/or paying attention to the extraction of the explosives from soils and waters 17–19. Dealing with this, Gaurav et al compiled a complete review on reported studies employing solid‐phase microextraction as a technique for the sampling, isolation, enrichment, and analyte introduction to an HPLC equipment for the determination of explosives in environmental samples 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ethylene glycol dinitrate in dynamites using HPLC: Application to the plastic explosive Goma‐2 ECO

Sáiz

Bravo

Ávila

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a sequential extraction method using water and methanol to recover ethylene glycol dinitrate or nitroglycol (EGDN) contained in Goma-2 ECO dynamite was developed. After, an HPLC method was used for the determination of EGDN in the two extracted phases. The analytical method was validated by evaluating its selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, and linear working concentration range, limit of detection and quantitation, precision (as repeatability and intermediate precision), accuracy, and robustness, providing appropriate values (i.e. RSD values for precision about 6% and accuracy about 100%). Finally, the EGDN content of a sample of the Goma-2-ECO dynamite was determined obtaining a concentration of 30.29%, which is in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications for this dynamite (25.7-31.4%).

show abstract

Determination of explosives residues in soils by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Adsorção/dessorção do explosivo tetril em turfa e em argissolo vermelho amarelo

Adsorção/dessorção do explosivo tetril em turfa e em argissolo vermelho amarelo

Untitled

Determination of ethylene glycol dinitrate in dynamites using HPLC: Application to the plastic explosive Goma‐2 ECO

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About