Determination of Erythromycin and Related Substances in Enteric‐Coated Tablet Formulations by Reversed‐Phase Liquid Chromatography

Wardrop, Jacqueline; Ficker, Daniel; Franklin, Stephen D.; Gorski, Ronald J.

doi:10.1002/1520-6017(200009)89:9<1097::aid-jps1>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…23 Inspection of the erythromycin spectral region showed several additional signals. Accurate mass measurements were performed on all these peaks, and the follow- (Table S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Counterfeit Artesunate Antimalarial Tablets From Southeast Asia

Hall

Newton²,

Green³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In southeast Asia, the widespread high prevalence of counterfeits tablets of the vital antimalarial artesunate is of great public health concern. To assess the seriousness of this problem, we quantified the amount of active ingredient present in artesunate tablets by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. This method, in conjunction with analysis of the packaging, classified tablets as genuine, substandard, or fake and validated results of the colorimetric Fast Red TR test. Eight (35%) of 23 fake artesunate samples contained the wrong active ingredients, which were identified as different erythromycins and paracetamol. Raman spectroscopy identified calcium carbonate as an excipient in 9 (39%) of 23 fake samples. Multivariate unsupervised pattern recognition results indicated two major clusters of artesunate counterfeits, those with counterfeit foil stickers and containing calcium carbonate, erythromycin, and paracetamol, and those with counterfeit holograms and containing starch but without evidence of erythromycin or paracetamol.

show abstract

“…23 Inspection of the erythromycin spectral region showed several additional signals. Accurate mass measurements were performed on all these peaks, and the follow- (Table S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Counterfeit Artesunate Antimalarial Tablets From Southeast Asia

Hall

Newton²,

Green³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The same volume of fresh blank STF was added to maintain the uniform volume. The sample was filleted through a filter (0.45 µm), diluted and then injected (20 µL) into the HPLC column for the analysis using the previously developed HPLC method [ 34 ]. HPLC instrument (HPLC, Auto sampler, Shimadzu LC10AD, Kyoto, Japan) with C18 column, mobile phase system 0.02 M potassium phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (60:40), a flow rate of 0.75 mL/min and detection at 254 nm was employed for the evaluation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of NLCs-Based Topical Erythromycin Gel: In Vitro Characterization and Antibacterial Assessment

Zafar

Imam

Yasir

et al. 2022

Gels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study, erythromycin (EM)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by the emulsification and ultra-sonication method. EM-NLCs were optimized by central composite design using the lipid (A), pluronic F127 (B) and sonication time (C) as independent variables. Their effects were evaluated on particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2). The optimized formulation (EM-NLCs-opt) showed a particle size of 169.6 ± 4.8 nm and entrapment efficiency of 81.7 ± 1.4%. EM-NLCs-opt further transformed into an in-situ gel system by using the carbopol 940 and chitosan blend as a gelling agent. The optimized EM-NLCs in situ gel (EM-NLCs-opt-IG4) showed quick gelation and were found to be stable for more than 24 h. EM-NLCs-opt-IG4 showed prolonged drug release compared to EM in situ gel. It also revealed significant high permeation (56.72%) and flux (1.51-fold) than EM in situ gel. The irritation and hydration study results depicted no damage to the goat cornea. HET-CAM results also confirmed its non-irritant potential (zero score). EM-NLCs-opt-IG4 was found to be isotonic and also showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher antimicrobial activity than EM in situ gel. The findings of the study concluded that NLCs laden in situ gel is an alternative delivery of erythromycin for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

show abstract

“…Analysis, data acquisition, and reporting were performed using the Waters Empower 2.0 chromatography data software. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.01 and 0.5 μg/L, respectively. , The established regression coefficient ( r 2 ) value was obtained as 0.999 for the working standard calibration curve. Analysis was replicated for statistical calculation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drug is a potential contaminant in aquatic systems that needs to be removed using the established economic and efficient method . There are several factors affecting the removal efficiency of the drug from contaminated water such as (a) the components (water and oil phases) of the nanoemulsion, (b) the physicochemical properties (viscosity, globular size, ferrous ions, hydrogen peroxide, and refractive index) of the nanoemulsion, (c) the degree of polluted water, (d) method efficiency, and (e) other factors (pH, UV frequency, reducing agent, microbial inhibition by antibiotics). − From the literature, it was concluded that the percent removal efficiency (%RE) of macrolides was comparatively lower than that of fluoroquinolones and the %RE values of ERN were 74 and 79% in wastewater treatment plants in Beijing and the United Kingdom (and Australia), respectively. , The drug can be estimated using previously reported methods based on the physicochemical nature of the drug. , The selection of excipients was based on various factors such as (a) the solubility of the drug, (b) the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value of the excipient, (c) medium-chain triglycerides capable of self-emulsification after dispersion into water, (d) capability of forming an emulsion through self-emulsification into water and subsequent adsorption of the lipophilic drug, (e) safety and biocompatibility, and (f) cost-effectiveness and ease of access. Labrafil M 1944 CS (LabM) consists chemically of mono-, di-, and triglycerides and PEG-6 (MW 300) mono- and diesters of oleic acid (C18:1) (source: Gattefossé leaflet).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Nanoemulsion Water/Ethanol/Transcutol/LabM-Based Treatment of Pharmaceutical Antibiotic Erythromycin-Contaminated Aqueous Bulk Solution

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contaminated wastewater released from hospital, domestic, and industrial sources is a major challenge to aquatic animals and human health. In this study, we addressed removal of erythromycin (ERN) from contaminated water employing water/ethanol/Transcutol/Labrafil M 1944 CS (LabM) green nanoemulsions as a nanocarrier system. ERN is a major antibiotic contaminant harming aquatic and human lives. Green nanoemulsions were prepared and evaluated for size, size distribution (measuring polydispersity index), stability, zeta potential, refractive index, and viscosity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to visualize morphological behavior. The treated-water was analyzed for ERN by the spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray analysis mode (SEM–EDX), and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) techniques. We studied factors (composition, size, viscosity, and time of exposure) affecting removal efficiency (%RE). The obtained green nanoemulsions (ENE1–ENE5) were stable and clear (<180 nm). ENE5 had the smallest size (58 nm), a low polydispersity index value (0.19), optimal viscosity (∼121.7 cP), and a high negative zeta potential value (−25.4 mV). A high %RE value (98.8%) was achieved with a reduced size, a high water amount, a low Capryol 90 content, and optimal viscosity as evidenced by the obtained results. Moreover, contact time had insignificant effect on %RE. UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM–EDX, and ICP–OES confirmed the absence of ERN from the treated water. Conclusively, ERN can easily be removed from polluted water employing green nanoemulsions prepared from the optimized excipients, and evaluated characteristics.

show abstract

Determination of Erythromycin and Related Substances in Enteric‐Coated Tablet Formulations by Reversed‐Phase Liquid Chromatography

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of Counterfeit Artesunate Antimalarial Tablets From Southeast Asia

Characterization of Counterfeit Artesunate Antimalarial Tablets From Southeast Asia

Preparation of NLCs-Based Topical Erythromycin Gel: In Vitro Characterization and Antibacterial Assessment

Green Nanoemulsion Water/Ethanol/Transcutol/LabM-Based Treatment of Pharmaceutical Antibiotic Erythromycin-Contaminated Aqueous Bulk Solution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About