Determination of enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat in plasma and urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Shioya, Hiroaki; Shimojo, Masako; Kawahara, Yukinori

doi:10.1002/bmc.1130060203

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A wide variety of analytical techniques have been applied to the quantification of enalapril and enalaprilat in biological fluids, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [5], radioimmunoassay (RIA) [6,7], enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [8], and time-resolvedfluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) [9]. However, these methods all have their own disadvantages.…”

Section: Enalapril N-[(1s)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Chen

Zhong

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Enalapril N-[(1s)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Chen

Zhong

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…These include spectrophotometric methods, [6][7][8][9] flow-injection spectrophotometric, 10 infrared method, 11 potentiometric selective membrane electrode methods, 12,13 NMR, 14 GC, 15 GCL/MS, 16 HPLC, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] capillary electrophoresis, [28][29][30][31] radioenzymic 32 and radioimmunoassay. 33 Reviewing the literature revealed that up to the present time nothing has been published concerning the CL determination of enalapril maleate.…”

Section: Enalapril [(S)-1-(n-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-lalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids Using Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)

Alarfaj

2003

ANAL. SCI.

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Enalapril maleate is a relatively new oral angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril maleate, like its first-generation relative, captopril, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Enalapril [(S)-1-(N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-Lalanyl)-L-proline] is a prodrug which is de-esterified in the hepatic system to an active diacid form. 2 The drug is official in the USP 24. 3 The methods of analysis of the bulk drug and its tablets are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. It is also official in the European Pharmacopoeia 4 by a potentiometric titration method using sodium hydroxide.Other than the published analytical profile, 5 several methods have been reported for the analysis of enalapril maleate either in pure form, in pharmaceutical preparations, in biological fluids, or in mixture with other drugs. These include spectrophotometric methods, 33 Reviewing the literature revealed that up to the present time nothing has been published concerning the CL determination of enalapril maleate.Ru(bipy) 3 2+ is an extremely versatile base reactant for a variety of CL processes, and has also recently become a useful CL reagent. The process involves the oxidation of Ru(bipy)3 2+to Ru(bipy) 3 3+ , which is then followed by reduction with an analyte species to produce the emission of light. 34 There have been a variety of methods employed to obtain the active oxidized reagent Ru(bipy) 3 3+ .These include chemical, photochemical, electrochemical oxidation and in situ electrochemiluminescence.An analytical evaluation of commercially significant pharmaceutical drugs using Ru(bipy) 3 3+-CL detection has attracted considerable attention. A comprehensive review of the analytical applications of Ru(bipy) 3 3+ as a chemiluminescent reagent from 1978 to mid 1998 has been represented by Gerardi et al. 34The present paper describes the development of a simple flow-injection chemiluminometric method for the determination of enalapril maleate based on the chemical generation of Ru(bipy) 3 3+ by mixing two streams containing solutions of Ru(bipy) 3 2+ and acidic KMnO4. The experimental conditions for the reaction were optimized, and the final procedure allowed the successful determination of the studied drug in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Experimental Apparatus and manifoldThe flow system used for the determination and CL detection of enalapril maleate is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It consisted of a Gilson Minipuls 3MP4 peristaltic pump (two channels, variable speed) which was used to drive the carrier and the reagent streams through the flow system. Each stream was pumped at a constant flow rate using PTFE tubing (0.8 mm i.d.). The drug solution (250 µl) was injected through the sample injection valve, which allowed mixing of the sample with an acidified 1 × 10 -3 mol/l KMnO4 solution, and then combination with a 1 × 10 -2 mol/l Ru(bipy) 3 2+ solution in a Tshaped piece before entering the flow cell. The flow cell was a coil made of ...

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“…Enalapril has been determined in pharmaceutical and biological fluid using HPLC (Thongnopnua and Poeaknapo, 2005;Gumieniczek et al, 1997;Shetkar and Shinde, 1997), liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Gu et al, 2004;Yoon et al, 2004), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (Shioya et al, 1992) and UV spectrophotometry (Abdel et al, 2003;Stanisz, 1999;Blaih et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatographic separation and UV determination of certain antihypertensive agents

Bhushan

Gupta

Singh

2005

Biomedical Chromatography

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Three antihypertensive agents were extracted and isolated from commercial formulations. These were purified and characterized by melting point, lambdamax and IR. The percentage recovery by extraction process was in the range 81-91%. Active ingredients from binary formulations were separated by RP-HPLC using methanol-water (50:50 v/v) and by TLC using CHCl3-CH3OH (6:1) as mobile phase. Detection was by UV at 210 nm in HPLC, and by iodine vapors in TLC. The solvent conditions from TLC were transferred to open column chromatographic separation. Quantitative determination was carried out using TLC and column chromatography supplemented with UV spectrophotometry. Recovery was in the range 82-93%. Two combination of drugs, viz. amlodipine+ramipril and amlodipine+enalapril, were separated by the three modes of liquid chromatography. The percentage recovery was in the range 80-92% by open column.

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Determination of enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat in plasma and urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Simultaneous determination of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Enalapril Maleate in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids Using Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)

Liquid chromatographic separation and UV determination of certain antihypertensive agents

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