Determination of elemental carbon emission

Mniszek, W.; Wypych, J.; Zielonka, Urszula

doi:10.1007/bf00546777

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Each membrane was weighed before and after sampling using an ultra-microbalance (Mettler Toledo UMX2, readability 1 µg, Zurich, Switzerland) to determine the daily mass trapped by each membrane, allowing the calculation of the daily mean concentration of PM2.5 ( 13 ). The black carbon concentrations were measured using the reflectance method ( 14 ) using the same membranes, and 1/3 of the membranes were submitted to X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ( 15 ) and ion chromatography ( 16 ) analysis to determine the concentrations of the predominant chemical elements (Na, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb), nitrates and sulfates. The daily mean concentrations of PM2.5 were used to calculate the annual daily mean of PM2.5 as described by the WHO ( 30 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions

André

Veras

Miraglia

et al. 2012

Clinics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:Due to their toxicity, diesel emissions have been submitted to progressively more restrictive regulations in developed countries. However, in Brazil, the implementation of the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy (Euro IV standards for vehicles produced in 2009 and low-sulfur diesel with 50 ppm of sulfur) was postponed until 2012 without a comprehensive analysis of the effect of this delay on public health parameters. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy on health indicators and monetary health costs in Brazil.METHODS:The primary estimator of exposure to air pollution was the concentration of ambient fine particulate matter (particles with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 µm, [PM2.5]). This parameter was measured daily in six Brazilian metropolitan areas during 2007-2008. We calculated 1) the projected reduction in the PM2.5 that would have been achieved if the Euro IV standards had been implemented in 2009 and 2) the expected reduction after implementation in 2012. The difference between these two time curves was transformed into health outcomes using previous dose-response curves. The economic valuation was performed based on the DALY (disability-adjusted life years) method.RESULTS:The delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy will result in an estimated excess of 13,984 deaths up to 2040. Health expenditures are projected to be increased by nearly US$ 11.5 billion for the same period.CONCLUSIONS:The present results indicate that a significant health burden will occur because of the postponement in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy. These results also reinforce the concept that health effects must be considered when revising fuel and emission policies.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%