Determination of Echinomycin (NSC-526417) in Human Plasma: Comparison of Conventional HPLC to a Capillary HPLC, Electrospray Ionization and Mass Spectrometry System

Newman, Robert A.; Fuentes, A.M. Ares; Minor, T. Y.; McManus, K. T.; Garteiz, Daniel A.

doi:10.1080/10826079408013360

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Most color reactions with this compound are negative, except for the ninhydrin reaction in HCl at 100 °C. Echinomycin can be quantified in human plasma using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (23,24).…”

Section: Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinomycin: A Journey of Challenges

Lafi,

Alshaer,

Hatmal

et al. 2023

Jordan j. pharm. sci.

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Echinomycin is a natural compound discovered and isolated from bacteria, introduced as a promising antibiotic and anticancer therapy. However, it failed clinically due to improper formulations and a short half-life. After the unsuccessful clinical trials, echinomycin was overlooked. Recently, a new mechanism of action has given some hope for reviving echinomycin as an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1). In 2015, echinomycin received orphan drug designation for treating acute myeloid leukemia in the USA. Furthermore, advancements in drug delivery systems have provided new prospects to overcome the echinomycin formulation issues and explore further therapeutic benefits. This review details the echinomycin journey along with the main challenges of this potent drug and provides insights into possible future clinical applications.

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Section: Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinomycin: A Journey of Challenges

Lafi,

Alshaer,

Hatmal

et al. 2023

Jordan j. pharm. sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Gas and Liquid Chromatography, Column Selection for, in Drug Analysis

Duff

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Within the realm of pharmaceutical drug analyses, two techniques currently dominate the field. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is at the forefront, followed somewhat distantly by gas chromatography (GC). HPLC is more prevalent than GC owing mainly to the heat‐labile nature of the majority of drug substances. Still GC continues to play a very active role. In comparison to HPLC and GC, combined, the frequency of use of other techniques is quite small. Perhaps the major reason for this is that chromatography not only involves qualitative and quantitative detection of targeted species, but also provides a medium for isolating these analytes from potential interfering impurities prior to measurement. The proficiency of this combination is unparalleled by any other blending of means to clean up a sample and detect the target compound. These more prominent techniques are often complementary, although each has its own strengths and limitations. General guidelines are given to assist the chromatographer to elect HPLC and/or GC for a particular separation. Considerations for choosing hardware type and sizes, solid support and bonded phase are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the latest, which is of primary importance for obtaining rugged methods. The reader is directed towards optimum phase selection based on the compound of interest's functional group type, or by its drug activity classification (e.g. barbiturate, cardiovascular, etc.). Assistance in developing new methods frequently arises when starting with an existing published method for a compound with similar structure. This article provides 514 references for more in‐depth separation information. In addition, background knowledge on bonded‐phase chemistry, chromatographic modes of separation, approaches to chromatographic chiral drug discrimination and processes for developing rugged methods is contributed.

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