Determination of drug susceptibility patterns and genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Kanpur district, North India

Molecular Diagnosis of Tubercular Lymphadenopathy from Fine-Needle Aspirates in Pediatric Patients

“…There are low-copy-number and high-copynumber strains of MTBC; the former contain <6 copies of IS 6110 and the latter >6 copies. The molecular epidemiology of MTBC isolates in India shows only 17% to be low-copy-number strains [25] . However, out of 6 major lineages of global phylogeny of MTBC, 3 are present in India, and members of these lineages contain the IS 6110 as an insertion sequence [26] .…”

Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the RD Rio Genotype Is the Predominant Cause of Tuberculosis and Associated with Multidrug Resistance in Porto Alegre City, South Brazil

“…Some of the spoligotype families (also called spoligofamilies) are preferentially distributed in particular geographic regions, indicating that they are either spreading locally or better adapted to certain human populations (5-7). Importantly, some spoligofamilies have been associated with outbreaks and multidrug resistance, the Beijing (and Beijing-like) spoligofamily being the best-known example (8)(9)(10)(11). Although predominant in far-east Asia, the Beijing spoligofamily is much less frequently found in the Americas, Europe, and Africa, where LAM, Haarlem, T, and S families predominate (5).…”

IS6110 the Double-Edged Passenger

“…Several studies illustrate the situation in the highest TB incidence areas, such as two areas of India (Shanmugam et al, 2011;Purwar et al, 2011) or Uganda (Asiimwe et al, 2009). Other study that gives an overview of the distribution of genotypes of M. tuberculosis in Korea, found that drug resistance phenotypes were more strongly associated with Beijing family (see part 4.1.3).…”

“…The 66% of the M. tuberculosis strains isolated in Tiruvallur, South India, presented a single copy of the IS6110 or LCS (Shanmugam et al, 2011). In Kanpur district, , North India, the 17% of the M. tuberculosis isolates were LCS (Purwar et al, 2011). High copy number M. tuberculosis strains (HCS), with six or more copies of IS6110, were reported by a greater number of papers.…”