Determination of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymers as the stationary phase

Abstract

A novel capillary electrochromatography method was developed for the determination of dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NE) by using a graphene oxide (GO) molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) coated capillary. In this article, GO was introduced as supporting matrix to synthesize MIPs in the presence of DA as template molecule. Then GO MIPs were used as the stationary phase in electrochromatography for the determination of DA, EP, and NE. The separation of these three analytes was achieved under the optimal conditions with a satisfactory correlation coefficients (R(2) ) > 0.9957 in the range of 5.0-200.0 μg/mL for EP and NE, and 20.0-200.0 μg/mL for DA, respectively. The RSDs for the determination of three analytes were <6.19%, and the detection limits were 1.25 μg/mL for EP and NE, and 10.0 μg/mL for DA, respectively. Finally, this method was used for the determination of DA, EP, and NE in human serum and DA hydrochloride injection.

Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine from biological samples based on green deep eutectic solvents and Fe3O4@MIL-100 (Fe) core–shell nanoparticles grafted with pyrocatechol

“…3 As it can be observed from Table 3, the characteristic parameters of this work have proven to be similar to or better than those of other reported methods.…”

Open tubular‐capillary electrochromatography: Developments and applications from 2013 to 2015

“…Separations in OT‐CEC are dictated inter alia by the electrophoretic mobility of the analytes, the magnitude of the EOF and the chromatographic affinity of the analytes for the coating on the inner capillary wall. The types of interaction encountered may be hydrophobic , aromatic as manifested via the classically known π–π stacking , hydrophilic (dipole–dipole and hydrogen bonding) , and ionic interactions . These interactions are responsible for the reversed‐phase, ion‐exchange, hydrophilic interaction, mixed mode, and chiral characteristics of these separations, as indicated in Table , third column.…”

“…Other reported chiral selectors have included the well‐known cinchona alkaloids , vancomycin glycopeptide , l ‐histidine and copper(II) ligand exchanger , dopamine , and BSA . Polysaccharide‐based chiral SPs have also found application.…”

Current trends in the development of molecularly imprinted polymers in CEC

“…The combination of monolithic format in a capillary with surface imprinting would be a very promising route for MIPs synthesis, because MIP shells allow improving accessibility of the sites , and require relatively smaller quantity of template. Thus, the utility ratio of the template in this approach is higher than that of other methods.…”