Porous
nanofibrous membranes have ultrahigh specific surface areas
and could be broadly employed in protein purification, enzyme immobilization,
and biosensors with enhanced selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency.
However, large biomolecules, such as proteins, have hindered diffusion
behavior in microporous media, significantly reducing the benefits
provided by the nanofibrous membranes. The study of protein diffusion
in polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes produced under varied humidity
and polymer concentration of electrospinning revealed that heterogeneous
structures of the nanofibrous membranes possess much smaller effective
pore sizes than the measured pore sizes, which significantly affects
the diffusion of large molecules through the system though sizes of
proteins and pH conditions also have great impacts. Only when the
measured membrane pore size is at least 1000 times higher than the
protein size, the diffusion behavior of the protein is predictable
in the system. The results provide insights into the design and applications
of proper nanofibrous materials for improved applications in protein
purification and immobilizations.