Determination of Degree of Substitution of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose

Eyler, R. W.; Klug, E; Diephuis, Floyd.

doi:10.1021/ac60001a007

Cited by 234 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Methods, like the acid-wash, the conductometric and the coulometric methods [11], can be applied in order to determine the degree of substitution of CMC. CMC was obtained at a DS range of 0.5 to 2.9 [12].…”

Section: Carboxymethyl Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopolymer Electrolyte Based on Derivatives of Cellulose from Kenaf Bast Fiber

et al. 2014

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A cellulose derivative, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was synthesized by the reaction of cellulose from kenaf bast fiber with monochloroacetic acid. A series of biopolymer electrolytes comprised of the synthesized CMC and ammonium acetate (CH 3 COONH 4 ) were prepared by the solution-casting technique. The biopolymer-based electrolyte films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to investigate the formation of the CMC-CH 3 COONH 4 complexes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to obtain their ionic conductivities. The highest conductivity at ambient temperature of 5.77 × 10 −4 S cm −1 was obtained for the electrolyte film containing 20 wt% of CH 3 COONH 4 . The biopolymer electrolyte film also exhibited electrochemical stability up to 2.5 V. These results indicated that the biopolymer electrolyte has great potential for applications to electrochemical devices, such as proton batteries and solar cells.

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Section: Carboxymethyl Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DS value obtained for CMC from kenaf fiber was 1.49. According to Eyler et al [11], the determination of the DS affects the properties of CMC as a polymer host. It not only influences the solubility of CMC molecules, but also affects the solution characteristics.…”

Section: Carboxymethyl Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer Electrolyte Based on Derivatives of Cellulose from Kenaf Bast Fiber

et al. 2014

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“…19,22 The degree of substitution (number of carboxylic groups per anhydroglucose unit) was determined by conductimetric titration according to the method of Eyler 23 and found about 0.96. The average molar masses were determined by F4/MALLS measurements (Table III).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organization of Water Soluble and Amphiphile Crosslinked Carboxymethylpullulan

Legros

Dulong

Picton

et al. 2008

Polym J

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The soluble state of amphiphile and crosslinked derivatives of carboxymethylpullulan was investigated by physicochemical analyses. This soluble state also called infinite sol was obtained from hydrogels after a short-time temperature treatment. The analyses show a large distribution in size for the species in solution (from some nanometers to some micrometers). Furthermore, they also reveal the presence of hydrophobic associations (intra and/or intermolecular) in addition to the chemical links. The nature of these hydrophobic interactions will depend on the polymer concentration and on the solvent used.KEY WORDS: Polysaccharide / Crosslinking / Hydrogels / Amphiphile / Self-organization / Hydrogels are suitable materials for drug delivery applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Indeed, active compounds can be easily entrapped and released, specially by responsive-stimuli devices which undergo phase transition or swelling-deswelling behaviour in response to environmental changes (temperature, pH, ionic strength, . . .). 1-3 Furthermore, they resemble natural living tissues by their ability to absorb and retain huge quantity of fluids and by their consistency, giving them a good biocompatibility. 4 Since several years, numerous studies have been interested in hydrogels based on polysaccharides and their derivatives because of their advantages over synthetic polymers. In fact, they are abundant, largely water soluble, biocompatible and descendent from renewable sources. 5 More recently, attention is focused on the development of amphiphilic networks able to transport amphiphilic and hydrophobic drugs. 6,7 Two majority ways are used to elaborate amphiphilic hydrogels based on polysaccharides. The most widespread way consists in grafting on the polymer backbone hydrophobic chains which self-aggregate in solution so creating cross-linking points but also hydrophobic domains. The most famous examples of this kind of systems are derivatives of pullulan bearing cholesteryl groups (CHP) which provide by self-aggregation particles able to complex hydrophobic molecules and proteins. [8][9][10][11][12][13] An other example consists of carboxymethylpullulan grafting by alkyl pendant groups. 14 The second technique consists in a chemical cross-linking with a hydrophobic agent. Few studies have been interested in this way although it gives in one step cross-links and amphiphilic character. So, Dulong et al. have elaborated amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulan networks using adipic dihydrazide 15 and N-hydroxysuccinimide, 16 whereas Coviello and Matricardi have choosen dibromohexan as cross-linking agent to obtain hydrogels from scleroglucan 17 and polygalacturonic acid. 18 We use the second method and dibromohexan to elaborate amphiphilic systems based on carboxymethylpullulan, an anionic derivative of pullulan (Figure 1). In a recent paper, 19 we showed that the cross-linking reaction was very fast, leading to creation of high crosslink density clusters as described by Hoffman. 20 On the other hand, we demonstrated ...

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“…We titrated the unreacted carboxylate functions of a HM30-50 by conductimetry according to the Eyler's method. 23 This sample had the greatest probability to have alkyl pendant chains; indeed after synthesis, it had only a sol fraction. These measurements permitted us to know the quantity of carboxylate functions which had reacted, and in comparison with the results obtained in GPC, we found that one dibromohexan had reacted with two carboxylate functions.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of the Gel Fractionmentioning

confidence: 98%