Determination of Daunomycin in Human Plasma and Urine by Using an Interference-free Analysis of Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Data with Second-Order Calibration

Abstract

IntroductionDaunorubicin (DNR), discovered in the early 1960s, is an anthracycline antibiotic with antiblastic and anticancer activity, which is linked by the formation of intercalative complexes with DNA and the inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis. Although it still remains an important component for many current chemotherapy protocols of acute and myelogenous leukemia, cardiotoxicity is a serious problem, especially in the case of overdoses.1 It is thus important for determining DNR in human plasma and urine. Various instrumental methods, such as polarography, 2 high-performance liquid chromatography, 3-5 the enzymatic immunological method, 6 voltammetry, 7 capillary electrophoresis, 8,9 and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 10 have been reported for DNR determination in biological fluids and in dosage forms. However, these methods are either troublesome or time-consuming.With the development of modern analytical instrumentation that generate a multidimensional data array for each sample, multiway data arrays have been prominently useful for the quantitative analysis of complex multicomponent samples. Particularly, three-way data arrays following the trilinear model, such as excitation-emission fluorescence matrices, have been gaining widespread analytical acceptance. 11Although, interestingly, there are many models for three-way data arrays, only the PARAFAC model ensures uniqueness in a straightforward way. 12In addition, the decomposition of a three-way data array built with response matrices measured for many samples is often unique, allowing relative concentrations and spectral profiles of individual sample components to be extracted directly. That is, the analysis of several components of interest can be quantified even in the presence of unknown interferents, commonly called the "second-order advantage". 13,14The different multiway methods used to resolve multicomponent mixtures belong to three main groups. The first group is direct solution. It is to resolve the data arrays by utilizing an eigenanalysis-based procedure, which typically works well when the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) 15-17 and the direct trilinear decomposition (DTLD) method 18-20 are wellknown examples. Unfortunately, GRAM is constrained to use only one standard and one mixture sample at a time. Although the DTLD method takes into account a direct solution through multiple samples, it is required to construct two pseudosamples, which unavoidably results in the loss of information in multiple samples. In addition, these methods may occasionally produce imaginary solutions and exhibit inflated variance. The second main group includes least-squares methods. Bilinear least squares (BLLS) is a recently introduced technique, based on a direct least-squares procedure. 21,22 The third main group is an iterative one. 12,23-40 Iterative algorithms have been widely employed. The PARAFAC algorithm proposed by Harshman 34 is a representative method of the third group. These have succ...

Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Modified by a NH2+Ion Implantation Technique for Determination of Daunorubicin

“…Com- parison with COOH/ITO electrode, 20 the method had lower detection limit. Table II and Table III could explain the performance of the NH 2 /ITO electrode with other modified electrodes and conventional techniques reported in literatures, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] respectively." The two tables showed that the proposed method had lower detection limit and wider linear range.…”

“…Daunorubicin is ofz E-mail: hujingbo@bnu.edu.cn ten used as an anticancer drug with its clinical efficacy against a wide range of malignancies and anti-tumor properties. 14 There are some instrumental methods for daunorubicin detection, such as capillary electrophoresis, 15 high performance liquid chromatography, 16 fluorescence spectrometry, 17 and resonance Rayleigh scattering. 18 In these methods, considerable sample handling was required.…”

Post‐modified non‐negative matrix factorization for deconvoluting the gene expression profiles of specific cell types from heterogeneous clinical samples based on RNA‐sequencing data

“…Therefore, there is a great need for the researchers to develop in silico methods to deconvolute the gene expression profiles of a heterogeneous clinical sample into the cell type‐specific gene expression profiles and estimate the corresponding cell contents . The multivariate curve resolution algorithms have achieved great success in quantitative analysis in chemistry and in related areas such as environmental science, food science, and pharmaceutical analysis . Several computational approaches based on the multivariate curve resolution algorithms have been proposed to deconvolute the gene expression profiles of specific cell types from the mixed signals generated by DNA microarrays.…”

Metodos quimiometricos em estudos eletroquimicos de fenois sobre filmes de diamante dopado com boro

“…A unicidade do PARAFAC tem sido amplamente explorada em química analítica [93, [137][138][139] e chamada vantagem de segunda ordem. Isto ocorre, pois, em uma decomposição única é possível obter os perfis puros dos sinais em ambos os modos.…”