Determination of Cutin-Bound Residues of Chlorothalonil by Immunoassay

Jahn, Carsten; Schwack, Wolfgang

doi:10.1021/jf000983j

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, maintenance of long waiting periods after pesticide application could favour microbial mineralization of the pesticide and incorporation into bound residues by natural recycling (see Section 5). In recent years, bound and unextractable residues have been measured as xenobiotic epitopes by immunological methods21–25 rather than radiochemical tracer techniques.…”

Section: Amounts Of Bound and Unextractable Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such studies have supported the conclusion that the above‐mentioned macromolecules can act as binding partners. In addition, the cutin component of leaf surfaces has been shown to act as a covalent binding partner,27 with photochemistry being involved in the cases of chlorothalonil22, 23 and parathion 25. Defined adducts have been chemically or enzymatically prepared in the case of xenobiotic lignin28, 29 and protein30, 31 conjugates.…”

Section: Plant Matrix Macromolecules Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bound and unextractable pesticidal plant residues: chemical characterization and consumer exposure

Sandermann

2004

Pest Management Science

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Plants are well known to incorporate pesticides into bound and unextractable residues that resist solubilization in common laboratory solvents and are therefore not accessible to standard residue analysis. A characterization of such residues has been proposed for incorporation rates above trigger values of 0.05 mg kg(-1) parent pesticide equivalents, or percentage values of 10% (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1995) or 25% (Commission of the European Communities, 1997) of the total radioactive residue. These trigger values are often exceeded. The present review describes the current status of the chemical characterization and animal bioavailability of bound and unextractable residues that may be xenobiotic in nature or result from natural recycling of simple degradation products. The latter case represents a mechanism of detoxification. Bound residues have been shown to be covalent or non-covalent in nature. With regard to the plant matrix molecules involved, incorporation into proteins, lignins, pectins, hemicelluloses and cutins has been demonstrated, and four covalent linkage types are known. Animal feeding experiments have revealed cases of low as well as high bioavailability. Many of the studies are limited by experimental uncertainties and by results only being reported as relative percentage values rather than absolute exposure. A preliminary value of absolute exposure from bound and unextractable residues is derived here for the first time from eight case studies. The mean exposure (ca 1.5 mg kg(-1) pesticidal equivalents) exceeds some of the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) of residual free pesticides that are typically in the range of 0.05-1 mg kg(-1). A mathematical framework for the correction of current maximum residue levels is presented for cases of highly bioavailable bound residues. As bound pesticidal residues in food plants could represent a source of significant consumer exposure, an experimental test scheme is proposed here. It consists of basic chemical characterization, model digestibility tests and, in exceptional cases, animal bioavailability and additional toxicological studies.

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Section: Amounts Of Bound and Unextractable Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Matrix Macromolecules Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bound and unextractable pesticidal plant residues: chemical characterization and consumer exposure

Sandermann

2004

Pest Management Science

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“…7 For example, the entire detection based on GC-MS method is tedious and at least costs over 10 hours for testing. 10 Therefore, the development of a simple, efficient and economical method to detect chlorothalonil in real samples still remains a great challenge. However, it requires biological antibody to capture the target which might limit its applications in the routine monitoring of chlorothalonil in the real soil system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and fast detection of chlorothalonil in soil samples using laser desorption VUV single photon post-ionization mass spectrometry

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2015

Anal. Methods

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Wide and abusive applications of fungicides (such as chlorothalonil) in agricultural production have caused various adverse effects on the environment, especially on the soil. Herein, a novel laser desorption VUV single photon postionization mass spectrometry (LDPI-MS) has been firstly applied to the direct and fast detection of chlorothalonil in soil. In the experiment, three different wavelength lasers were used as the ionization sources (SPI at 118 nm, REMPI at 266 nm and 355 nm) and the results showed that only SPI at 118 nm could achieve expected "soft" ionization. The limit of detection in 118 nm ionization was determined to be 0.5 pmol per spot, ca. 1 mg/kg of chlorothalonil in soil. Moreover, no other additives were needed to assistant desorption/evaporation of chlorothalonil from soil samples and the detecting process could be rapidly completed on the basis of a time-saving sample pretreatment. The results demonstrated that LDPI-MS method held a great potential for detecting real natural soil contaminated with chlorothalonil.

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“…The invention of hybridoma monoclonal antibody technique makes it possible. There are already kinds of agrochemical Monoclone antibodies (McAb) aboard, which are applied to analyze the pesticide residue [3]. Couple of years, the use of Monoclone antibodies has developed domestically [4], but no attempt has been made to use ELISA to measure the remainder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Production of Anti- Glufosinate Monoclonal Antibodies

2007

2007 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering

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Glutaraldehyde was used as cross linker to make glufosinate-ovalbumin. The identification and identified artificial antigen by UV abstraction and 31 P NMR scanning methods, and then used this antigen immunize mice. The result showed that UV spectrogram of artificial antigen was changed when compared with OVA. 31P NMR spectrum of artificial antigen, the distance of artificial antigen and Glufosinate-ammonium were different. The conjugation ratio of artificial antigen was 36.7:1. After three weeks mice were immunized with artificial antigen and were examined that antibody was resided in the blood of mice (The titer of the antiserum is 1:320000). It could be concluded that Glufosinate-ammonium artificial antigen was synthesized and mice were immunized successfully, and this made it as a possible method to establish monoclonal antibodies.

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Determination of Cutin-Bound Residues of Chlorothalonil by Immunoassay

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Bound and unextractable pesticidal plant residues: chemical characterization and consumer exposure

Bound and unextractable pesticidal plant residues: chemical characterization and consumer exposure

Direct and fast detection of chlorothalonil in soil samples using laser desorption VUV single photon post-ionization mass spectrometry

Preliminary Production of Anti- Glufosinate Monoclonal Antibodies

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