Determination of Creatinine by Means of Automatic Chemical Analysis

Chasson, Albert L.; Grady, Harold J.; Stanley, Morgan

doi:10.1093/ajcp/35.1_ts.83

Cited by 537 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…Urinary albumin was measured by nephelometric immunoassay and urinary creatinine by a modification of the Jaffe reaction (7). Urinary albumin concentrations below the threshold detected by the assay (6.8 mg/L or lower) were set to this value in the analyses.…”

Section: Laboratory Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes

Pavkov

Knowler

Lemley

et al. 2012

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives Early decline in GFR may reflect progressive kidney disease in type 1 diabetes, but its predictive value in type 2 diabetes is uncertain.Design, setting, participants, & measurements In this longitudinal study, GFR was measured serially over approximately 4.0 years in 195 Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. Renal function decline (RFD) was defined during this initial period by an average GFR loss $3.3%/yr, as defined previously in type 1 diabetes. Subsequently, participants were followed for up to 17.8 years to ESRD onset, death, or December 31, 2010, whichever came first.Results RFD prevalence during the initial period was 32% in 68 participants with normal baseline albuminuria (albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR] , 30 mg/g), 42% in 88 with microalbuminuria (ACR 30 to ,300 mg/g), and 74% in 39 with macroalbuminuria (ACR $300 mg/g; P,0.001). The cumulative incidence of ESRD 10 years after the initial period was 41% in those with RFD and 15% in those without (P,0.001); 41 of the 49 ESRD cases (83.7%) occurred in participants who had or developed macroalbuminuria during the initial period. When adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, and hemoglobin A1c, the ESRD hazard rate was 4.78 times (95% confidence interval, 2.39-9.58) as high in those with RFD as in those without; further adjustment for albuminuria attenuated this association (hazard ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-3.91).Conclusions In type 2 diabetes, loss of GFR often occurs before the onset of macroalbuminuria, but a decline predictive of ESRD is strongly dependent on progression to macroalbuminuria.

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Section: Laboratory Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes

Pavkov

Knowler

Lemley

et al. 2012

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…measured by a modification of the Jaffe reaction (15). Serum creatinine values were calibrated to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study laboratory, and these values were used to estimate GFR with the four-variable MDRD equation, categorizing individuals as of nonblack ethnicity (16).…”

Section: Research Design Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Periodontitis on Overt Nephropathy and End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontitis on development of overt nephropathy, defined as macroalbuminuria, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Individuals residing in the Gila River IndianCommunity aged Ն25 years with type 2 diabetes, one or more periodontal examination, estimated glomerular filtration rate Ն60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , and no macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio Ն300 mg/g) were identified. Periodontitis was classified as none/ mild, moderate, severe, or edentulous using number of teeth and alveolar bone score. Subjects were followed to development of macroalbuminuria or ESRD, defined as onset of renal replacement therapy or death attributed to diabetic nephropathy.RESULTS -Of the 529 individuals, 107 (20%) had none/mild periodontitis, 200 (38%) had moderate periodontitis, 117 (22%) had severe periodontitis, and 105 (20%) were edentulous at baseline. During follow-up of up to 22 years, 193 individuals developed macroalbuminuria and 68 developed ESRD. Age-and sex-adjusted incidence of macroalbuminuria and ESRD increased with severity of periodontitis. After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, and smoking in a proportional hazards model, the incidences of macroalbuminuria were 2.0, 2.1, and 2.6 times as high in individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis or those who were edentulous, respectively, compared with those with none/mild periodontitis (P ϭ 0.01). Incidences of ESRD in individuals with moderate or severe periodontitis or in those who were edentulous were 2.3, 3.5, and 4.9 times as high, respectively, compared with those with none/mild periodontitis (P ϭ 0.02).CONCLUSIONS -Periodontitis predicts development of overt nephropathy and ESRD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Whether treatment of periodontitis will reduce the risk of diabetic kidney disease remains to be determined. Diabetes Care 30:306 -311, 2007P eriodontitis is a common infection of the periodontal tissues (1) and a major cause of tooth loss in adults (2,3). The most prevalent form is chronic periodontitis (1). Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing periodontitis, and, once established, periodontitis is more severe in people with diabetes (3-6). Poor glycemic control hastens the progression of periodontitis and, in turn, periodontitis appears to further impair glycemic control (6 -8).Periodontitis predicts cardiovascular disease risk (9) and deaths from diabetic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes (10). However, the relationship between periodontitis and diabetic kidney disease has not been fully explored. Among nonobese individuals with type 2 diabetes in Japan, IgG titers for Porphyromonas gingivalis (a periodontal pathogen) were correlated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), although analyses were not adjusted for confounding factors (11). In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a largely nondiabetic p...

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“…41 Urinary albumin was measured by a nephelometric immunochemical procedure 42 and creatinine by the alkaline picrate method. 43 Anthropometric measurements included weight, height and waist circumference measured with participants wearing light clothing and without shoes. Waist was measured at the level of the umbilicus while the participant was supine.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of generalized and central obesity to cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent coronary heart disease in a sample of American Indians: the Strong Heart Study

et al. 2000

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and 4 Aberdeen Tribal Chairmen's Health Board, Rapid City, SD, USA OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis linking measures of obesity including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (waist) and percentage body fat to coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence and its risk factors in American Indians. DESIGN: The Strong Heart Study assesses the prevalence of CHD and its risk factors in American Indians in Arizona, Oklahoma and SouthaNorth Dakota. Participants underwent a physical examination and an electrocardiogram; anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken, as were measurements of glucose, lipoproteins, ®brinogen, insulin, hemoglobin A 1c and urinary albumin. PARTICIPANTS: Data were available for 4549 men and women between 45 and 74 y of age. MEASUREMENTS: Obesity, measured using body mass index, waist circumference and percentage body fat, was correlated with prevalent CHD and its risk factors. RESULTS: More than 75% of participants were overweight (BMI b 25 kgam 2 ). Measures of obesity were greater in women than in men, in younger than in older participants, and in participants with diabetes than in nondiabetic participants. CHD risk factors were associated with measures of obesity but, except for insulin concentration, changes in metabolic variables with increasing obesity were small. Associations were not stronger with waist than with BMI. The prevalence of CHD in those whose BMI andaor waist measurements lay in the lowest and highest quintiles, by gender and diabetic status, was similar. CONCLUSIONS: Although CHD risk factors are associated with obesity in American Indians, distribution of obesity (ie waist) is no more closely related to risk factors than is generalized obesity (ie BMI), and changes in CHD risk factors with obesity were small. Thus, the relations among obesity, body fat distribution and CHD risk may differ in this population.

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Determination of Creatinine by Means of Automatic Chemical Analysis

Cited by 537 publications

References 0 publications

Early Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes

Early Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes

Effect of Periodontitis on Overt Nephropathy and End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Relation of generalized and central obesity to cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent coronary heart disease in a sample of American Indians: the Strong Heart Study

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