Determination of Copper at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Langmuir–Blodgett Film of p‐tert‐Butylthiacalix[4]arene

Abstract

A new type of voltammetric sensor, Langmuir -Blodgett film of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene modified glassy carbon electrode, was advanced and used for determining copper at trace levels by differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Calibration plot was found to be linear in the range of 2 Â 10 À8 M to 5 Â 10 À6 M; the detection limit was 2 Â 10 À9 M. Possible recognition mechanism was also discussed. From determination of Copper in real samples (river, lake and tap water) it can be concluded that the method is rapid, sensitive in determining of copper and can be used in the analysis of natural water samples.

Modified carbon-containing electrodes in stripping voltammetry of metals

“…Organic substances (OS) [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121], macrocyclic compounds [122][123][124][125][126], polymers [127-131, 157-159, 165-166, 169-175], bioactive compounds [186], and nanotubes [187][188][189][190] can also serve as GCE modifiers. Different combinations of the modifiers-a metal and OS [70-80, 97-105, 106], a polymer and a metal [86, 132-147, 160- [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] or the first modifying layer of mer...…”

Langmuir–Blodgett film of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene modified glassy carbon electrode as voltammetric sensor for the determination of Ag+

“…Evtugyn and co-workers [29] designed a potentiometric sensor based on glassy carbon electrode covered with polyaniline and thiacalixarenes derivations and applied for determination of Ag + ions. We recently reported that GCE modified with a LB film of p-tert-butylthiacalix [4] [30,31]. In this approach, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with LB film of p-tert-butylthiacalix [4]arene is designed for the determination of trace amounts of Ag + .…”

Simultaneous Determination of Thallium and Lead on a Chemically Modified Electrode with Langmuir– Blodgett Film of a p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene Derivative

“…Recently, we have proposed a new idea of using LB film technique to modify calixarene derivatives on electrode as voltammetric sensors for recognizing and determining of metal ions. By this idea, we have reported of determining trace of Cu 2þ [30], Pb 2þ and Cd 2þ [31] with p-tert-butylthiacalix [4]arene LB film modifying GCEs and trace of Hg 2þ [32], Cd 2þ and Tl þ [33] with pallylcalix [4]arene LB film modifying GCEs, respectively. All of the detection limits of these metal ions reached below 10 À8 mol L…”