Determination of complex mixtures of airborne isocyanates and amines. Part 1. Liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection of monomeric and polymeric isocyanates as their dibutylamine derivatives

Effects of thermal degradation products from polyurethane foams based on toluene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate on isolated, perfused lung of guinea pig

“…Thus three different types of mineral wool were used to generate MIC. The results in table 4 show that MIC, in concentrations up to about 500 ppb, had no acute effect on lung conductance.…”

“…The sampling flow rate was set to 1.0 l/min. The samples were collected in impinger flasks containing 10 ml of 0.01 M dibutylamine (DBA) in toluene (17). In two experiments the particles escaping the impinger flasks, smaller than 1.5 µm (18), were collected on 13-mm glass-fiber filters in polypropylene filter holders.…”

“…Products containing isocyanates (eg, adhesives, paints, plastics, synthetic rubber, and rigid and elastic foams) can be found everywhere in the environment. When polyurethanes are heated, isocyanates and other thermal degradation products are released (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Isocyanates are irritating to the respiratory tract (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) and are known as the most common cause of occupational asthma (11).…”

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

“…The reaction rate for DBA with isocyanates to form a urea-derivative was found to be rapid as well as selective towards isocyanate species, thus eliminating the issues with interfering compounds (Spanne et al 1996;Karlsson et al 1998). However, when using DBA as derivatisation agent for filters in dry samplers, the amine in itself is too volatile for adequate derivatisation of the analytes (Gylestam et al 2014).…”

“…However, these methods result in unnecessarily high limits of detection (Henneken et al 2007). Several different derivatisation agents have been described, such as 2-PP (EPA 1997; Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1989a; Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1989b; British Standard Institution 2012), MAMA (ReebWhitaker et al 2012;Persson et al 1993), 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl) piperazine (MAP) (Woskie 2004;NIOSH 1998;NIOSH 2003), 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (1-2MP) (NIOSH 8/15/94 1994;Molander et al 2000;Thomasen et al 2011;Boutin et al 2006), tryptamine (Wu et al 1987), 9-anthracenylmethyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (PAC) (Roh et al 2000), and DBA (Spanne et al 1996;Karlsson et al 2000;BSI Standards Publication 2013).…”