Determination of Cocaine in “Mate de Coca” Herbal Tea

Engelke, Beatriz Ferreira; Gentner, W. A.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600800123

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our results (Table 2) are in good agreement with these values and suggest that the "Mate de coca" probably consists in coca leaves, but not from the ipadu variety (Plowman, 1981;Schultes, 1981). According to Engelke and Gentner, 1991, herbal tea bags sold under the name "Health Inca Tea" or "Mate de Coca" are commercially available since 1981 in Peru. The authors mentioned that the investigated tea bags were produced and packed in Peru from the leaves of Erythroxylum novogranatense var.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species

Bieri

Brachet

Veuthey

et al. 2006

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species

Bieri

Brachet

Veuthey

et al. 2006

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Engelke and Gentner [7] quantitated the amount of cocaine in coca tea by gas chromatography. They determined that when the coca tea was prepared according to the labeling instructions, the average amount of cocaine present was 0.8 mg per g dry weight of coca leaf tissue [7]. This quantity was less than that determined in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and quantitation of alkaloids in coca tea

Jenkins

Llosa

Montoya

et al. 1996

Forensic Science International

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The consumption of coca tea is a common occurrence in many South American countries. The tea is often packaged in individual servings as tea bags which contain approximately 1 g of plant material. The consumption of coca tea leads to ingestion of cocaine and other alkaloids: however, there is little information available regarding the pharmacological or toxicological effects that result from consumption of coca tea. We performed a series of studies with coca tea bags from two South American countries, Peru and Bolivia. The alkaloidal content of the 'coca leaf' in coca tea bags was determined by two different extraction methods: Soxhlet extraction with methanol (exhaustive extraction), and mechanical agitation with methanol. Extracts were purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Coca tea prepared from Peruvian and Bolivian coca tea bags was also analyzed by SPE-GC/MS assay. In addition, urine specimens were analyzed from an individual who consumed one cup of Peruvian coca tea and one cup of Bolivian coca tea on separate occasions. Urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay (TDx R ) and SPE-GC/MS. Analysis of coca tea bags and coca tea indicated that cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and trans-cinnamoylcocaine were present in varying quantities. With exhaustive extraction, an average of 5.11 mg, and 4.86 mg of cocaine per tea bag were found in coca leaf from Peru and Bolivia, respectively. The average amounts of benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in Peruvian coca leaf were 0.11 and 1.15 mg, and in Bolivian coca leaf were 0.12 and 2.93 mg per tea bag, respectively. trans-Cinnamoylcocaine was found in trace amounts in Peruvian tea bags and 0.16 mg/tea bag of Bolivian tea. When tea was prepared, an average of 4.14 mg of cocaine was present in a cup of Peruvian coca tea and 4.29 mg of cocaine was present in Bolivian tea. Following the consumption of a cup of Peruvian tea by one individual, a peak urine benzoylecgonine concentration of 3940 ng/ml occurred 10 h after ingestion. Consumption of Bolivian coca tea resulted in a peak benzoylecgonine concentration of 4979 ng/ml at 3.5 h. The cumulative urinary excretion of benzoylecgonine after approximately 48 h, determined by GC/MS, was 3.11 mg and 2.69 mg after consumption of Peruvian and Bolivian coca tea, respectively. This study demonstrated that coca tea bags and coca tea contain a significant amount of cocaine and cocaine-related alkaloids and the consumption of a single cup of Peruvian or Bolivian coca tea produces positive drug test results for cocaine metabolites.

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“…En el Perú, el mate de hoja de coca cuyo principal alcaloide es la cocaína, se sigue recomendando para prevenir el MAM; esta se comercializa en pequeñas bolsas filtrantes de 1 gramo de hoja de coca de la variedad Erythroxylum novogranatense que puede contener unos 4-5 mg de cocaína, al prepararse el mate en agua caliente se puede extraer hasta un máximo del 80% de la cocaína que contiene (11,12), la tasa de absorción gastrointestinal de cocaína ingerida es alrededor del 33% (13), lo que evidencia que hasta 1-1,3 mg de cocaína por bolsa filtrante sería absorbida al torrente sanguíneo. Esta cantidad es muy inferior a los 100 mg de cocaína vía endovenosa reportada en voluntarios no dependientes a cocaína para presentar efectos euforizantes, y a los 10 mg de cocaína para alcanzar concentraciones séricas de cocaína superiores a 100 ng/dL con la que se reportó efectos farmacológicos significativos para producir cambios pupilares, taquicardia, incremento de la presión arterial y cambios respiratorios por efecto adrenérgico (6,14,15).…”

Section: Sugerencias De Prevenciónunclassified

Revisión sobre el uso del mate de hoja de coca en la prevención del mal agudo de montaña.

Salinas-Piélago¹

2016

Rev Neuropsiquiatr

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Revisión sobre el uso del mate de hoja de coca en la prevención del mal agudo de montaña.Review on the use of coca tea in prevention of acute mountain sickness.Joel Salinas-Piélago 1,a RESUMEN El número de turistas que viajan a zonas de gran altitud en países andinos se está incrementando en los últimos años, con aumento concomitante del riesgo de desarrollar el mal agudo de montaña. En las zonas alto andinas el mate de hoja de coca es usado frecuentemente para la prevención de este problema, pero las evidencias no soportan esta medida; se estima que, por el contrario, podría incrementar los síntomas del cuadro clínico que se intenta controlar por lo que se sugiere la conveniencia de no incentivar su uso.PALABRAS CLAVE: Erythroxylaceae, mate, mal de altura, prevención primaria. SUMMARYIn recent years, an increasing number of tourists visiting high altitude zones and places in Andean countries are, in turn, making a concomitant greater risk of developing acute mountain sickness. In the Andean region, coca tea is frequently used for the prevention of this condition. However, existing evidence does not seem to support such use and, on the contrary, it is estimated that it may increase the symptoms. The convenience of not to encourage the use of coca tea for the prevention of acute mountain sickness, is suggested.

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Determination of Cocaine in “Mate de Coca” Herbal Tea

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species

Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species

Identification and quantitation of alkaloids in coca tea

Revisión sobre el uso del mate de hoja de coca en la prevención del mal agudo de montaña.

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