“…The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed one quantitative field-portable methods to measure airborne lead: NIOSH Method 7300, which uses inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) [15,16]. Also, many analytical techniques have been employed for the determination of trace levels of lead in real samples such as, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) [17], Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [18], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [19], flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) [20], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) [21], etc. Nowadays, considerable novel method has been introduced in solid-phase extraction (SPE) by applying new nanomaterials with remarkable physicochemical properties that improve the extraction of analytes.…”