Determination of coal ash content by the combined x-ray fluorescence and scattering spectrum

Mikhailov, I. F.; Baturin, A. A.; Mikhaǐlov, A. I.; Borisova, S. S.; Fomina, L. P.

doi:10.1063/1.4993101

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A detailed description of the method for preparing films is given in [7]. The elemental composition of the targets and films was controlled by X-ray fluorescence analysis [9]. The identification of the quasicrystalline phase and the determination of its quasicrystallinity parameter aq were carried out according to J.W.…”

Section: Objects and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the Initial Stage of the Formation of Ti-Zr-Ni Quasicrystalline Thin Films

Malykhin¹,

Кондратенко²,

Kopylets³

et al. 2020

J. Nano- Electron. Phys.

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Using the methods of X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning microscopy, the features of the initial stage of the formation of the quasicrystalline phase in thin films of Ti-Zr-Ni are studied. The films were obtained by magnetron sputtering of a target of the composition Ti41Zr38.3Ni20.7 (at. %) with deposition on substrates at T  300 K and further vacuum annealing. It was established that immediately after deposition, the films are X-ray amorphous, nanostructured. An analysis of the radial distribution functions shows that immediately after deposition, the structural state of a disordered cluster, which is topologically close to icosahedral, prevails in the near atomic medium. It is concluded that the atoms are not arranged randomly, but form a "transitional" structure with an imperfect order like three shells of the Bergman cluster stacking using icosahedrons and dodecahedrons. Such a structure is a "prepared" nucleus for the further formation of the icosahedral phase upon heating. An analysis of the annealing results suggests that the qualitative nature of the transition from the pseudo-amorphous to the quasicrystalline phase and the scale of the transformations are determined by the annealing time and temperature, as well as by the film thickness. The smaller the thickness, the more the annealing processes are inhibited. It was shown that by annealing the films of a thickness of 6 μm or more at 500 C for more than 28 h, single-phase quasicrystalline coatings with a quasicrystallinity parameter aq of about 0.5245 nm can be obtained.

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Section: Objects and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the Initial Stage of the Formation of Ti-Zr-Ni Quasicrystalline Thin Films

Malykhin¹,

Кондратенко²,

Kopylets³

et al. 2020

J. Nano- Electron. Phys.

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“…Zhang et al 37 measured heavy metals such as Hg, Pb, Cr and other elements such as Ti, Fe and Ca in pulverized coal using an online XRF analyzer, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained from the measurements were all less than 7.74%. Although XRF is effective for the measurement of ash-forming elements and ash content in coal, its fluorescence yield for light elements is low, and it is usually not suitable for analyzing elements 38 with atomic numbers less than 11, so it cannot be used to analyze the content of organic elements such as C and H that are positively related to the calorific value 39 of coal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a rapid coal calorific value analyzer based on NIRS-XRF

Gao,

Wang,

et al. 2023

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…The uniqueness of this method lies in the fact that it is suitable for the rapid identification of elements with a small atomic number down to hydrogen ( Z = 1) with tables . Recently, the ratio of Compton and Rayleigh scattering intensities has been used in solving both fundamental problems of determining the effective atomic number and mass absorption coefficients and applied problems of adjusting the composition in the XRF analysis, and also for determining the fraction of light elements in the sample bulk and the distribution of light elements along its depth . In our previous work, it was shown that the

\frac{true}{I_{C}}

dependence on the atomic number can be used as a calibration function for identification of single‐component and binary materials in certain ranges of effective atomic numbers Zeff .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of binary systems based on light elements by the ratio of the Compton and Rayleigh scattering intensities

Mikhailov¹,

Baturin

Mikhaǐlov

et al. 2020

X-Ray Spectrometry

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A generalization of the Compton method for determining elements with a low atomic number Z from 1 (H) to 9 (F) by the ratio trueICIR of the intensities of incoherent (Compton) and coherent (Rayleigh) scattering is proposed. The generalization takes into account not only the dependence of this ratio on the effective atomic number of the scatterer material but also the momentum transfer variable x = sin0.5emθλ. The new method is based on the application of calibration function of trueICIR=g()Z,x obtained by measuring scattering spectra at two values of x1= 0.831 Å−1 and x2= 1.297 Å−1 with a WDXRF spectrometer. The elemental atomic numbers and their concentrations of binary compounds with unknown compositions are determined by the solution of a system of linear equations. Coefficients of the equations are calculated from the measured trueICIR ratios for the test sample and the regularization solution for the corresponding calibration. The experiments have been carried out for standard samples of single‐component, binary and triple stoichiometric compounds based on H, Li, Be, B, C, O and F. The identification of these elements was found to be possible in the absence of a relationship between the positions of scattering peaks and the composition of the sample, and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of the material was carried out as part of the solution of a single inverse problem.

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Determination of coal ash content by the combined x-ray fluorescence and scattering spectrum

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Features of the Initial Stage of the Formation of Ti-Zr-Ni Quasicrystalline Thin Films

Features of the Initial Stage of the Formation of Ti-Zr-Ni Quasicrystalline Thin Films

Development and application of a rapid coal calorific value analyzer based on NIRS-XRF

Determination of binary systems based on light elements by the ratio of the Compton and Rayleigh scattering intensities

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