Determination of chromium, manganese, lead and cadmium in biological samples including hair using direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Štupar, Janez; Dolinšek, F.

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(96)01475-9

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This result is consistent with previous reports in the literature 7,14,23,24 for the determination of Cr in several matrices by GF AAS. Thus, matrix modifiers were not used in further experiments.…”

Section: Chemical Modifiersupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Graphite furnace AAS technique is applied extensively to the determination of Cr in various matrices, 7,13,14,[23][24][25] however there are few studies on the determination of Cr in crude oil. Stigter et al 7 determined Cr in crude oil after dilution with toluene and acetic acid; Burguera et al 25 determined it after emulsion formation; Dittert et al 14 determined Fe and Cr simultaneously by HR-CS GF AAS (high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry), but they did not present the properties of the samples used and depending on the API degree, the procedure cannot be adequate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different pre-treatment procedures for the determination of chromium in crude oil samples by GF AAS

Pessoa

Lyra

Castro

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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No presente estudo, três procedimentos de pré-tratamento e determinação de Cr por GF AAS foram desenvolvidos e comparados: diluição da amostra com tolueno, formação de emulsão e amostragem direta do petróleo. Os limites de detecção para os procedimentos desenvolvidos foram 1,9 ng g -1 para a diluição da amostra com tolueno, 2,8 ng g -1 para a formação de emulsão e 0,73 ng g -1 para a amostragem direta. A exatidão dos três procedimentos foi avaliada analisando-se o material NIST1085b e por testes de recuperação. Em todos os procedimentos foram obtidos altos valores de recuperação e boa concordância entre os teores determinados e os teores certificados. No entanto, os resultados indicam que a diluição da amostra com tolueno não é recomendada para amostras com grau API abaixo de 15. Os outros dois procedimentos mostraram o mesmo desempenho para as amostras com diferentes graus API (8-38), mas a amostragem direta apresentou melhor sensibilidade além de minimizar as chances de perdas do analito ou contaminação.In the present study three pre-treatment procedures were developed and compared following Cr determination by GF AAS: sample dilution with toluene, emulsion formation and direct sampling of crude oil. The limits of detection for the developed procedures were 1.9 ng g -1 for sample dilution with toluene, 2.8 ng g -1 for emulsion formation and 0.73 ng g -1 for direct sampling. The accuracy of the three procedures was assessed by analysis of NIST1085b and recovery tests. High recoveries and good agreement between found and certified values were obtained in all cases. However, results indicate that sample dilution with toluene is not recommended for samples below 15ºAPI. The other two procedures showed the same performance for the samples with different API degrees (8 to 38), but the direct sampling showed better sensitivity besides minimizing the chances of analyte losses or contamination.

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Section: Chemical Modifiersupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different pre-treatment procedures for the determination of chromium in crude oil samples by GF AAS

Pessoa

Lyra

Castro

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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show abstract

“…Same authors [16,17] claim that aqueous standards are perfectly satisfactory at least for elements of high and medium volatility in matrices of low volatility, whereas most favour solid reference materials although large uncertainty might be introduced because of the poor homogeneity of these materials in sub-mg range. An artificial biological solid reference material of reasonably good homogeneity was prepared by Akatsuka and Atsuya and employed in the determination of Co in vitamin B 12 [18,19].…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…During measurement of longitudinal trace element profiles in hair we developed a simple method, the so-called "tape sandwich" technique [16]. This technique has now been successfully employed for direct introduction of powdered materials into the graphite-cup furnace.…”

Section: Reagents and Certified Reference Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Segments of different size and shape (rectangular 3×5 mm or 2× 5 mm and round 2 mm or 3 mm in diameter) can be punched out by use of a specially designed tool [16] and introduced individually into the graphite-cup for atomisation. The weight of powdered material in one segment can be determined by weighing the total mass of the segment and subtracting the weight of the tape (blank).…”

Section: Reagents and Certified Reference Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of the homogeneity of reference materials by SS-ETAAS and use of the "tape-sandwich" sample-introduction technique

Štupar

Dolinšek

Koren

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The so called "tape sandwich", a novel sample-introduction technique developed for SS-ETAAS, has been employed in a study of the microheterogeneity of some biological CRM. Pb, Cd, and Cr were measured by use of a laboratory-assembled instrument with graphite-cup atomizer. Aqueous standards were found satisfactory for calibration. The average mass of sub-samples atomised was in the range 0.250-0.660 mg+/-30%. The relative sampling error found for the CRM investigated varied from 15-34%. Calculated relative homogeneity constants of the order of 4-21 mg(1/2) were obtained, and were reduced considerably by reduction of the particle size. The minimum sample sizes representative of the CRM were, with one exception, much lower (11-75 mg) than those recommended in the documentation accompanying the standards (100-200 mg). In a Chinese hair reference sample Cr data were normally distributed but the presence of nuggets was observed for Cd and Pb; this was associated with severe radial and longitudinal gradients of these elements in hair.

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Chromium status of tannery workers in relation to metabolic disorders

et al. 1999

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Chromium (Cr), being an excellent tanning agent, is widely used in the leather industry. In the process of leather production, tannery workers are exposed to either inorganic Cr(III) compounds or Cr bound to proteins (leather dust). The total Cr content in tannery air (1–54 μg m−3) is rather high in comparison to ambient air (4–6 ng m−3) but the amount of Cr in inhalable particles (<10 μm) is two to three orders of magnitude less (20–60 ng m−3). The total daily intake of Cr was estimated by the analysis of diet (24.3 ± 4.0 μg Cr day−1), drinking water (0.3 ± 0.1 μg Cr dm−3) and ambient air. The contribution of the latter was dominant for tannery workers and almost negligible (8%) for the unexposed population. Chromium is an essential nutrient required for sugar and fat metabolism. The normal dietary intake of Cr for the occupationally unexposed population is found to be suboptimal (<30 μg Cr day−1) whereas tannery workers receive on average 150–325 μg of supplemental Cr day−1. Assessment of the Cr status of both populations was made on the basis of the Cr contents of their scalp hair, pre‐shift urine and thermally induced sweat. The median Cr contents in these tissues and fluids were significantly higher (P<0.01) in tannery workers (hair: 4 μg Cr g −1, urine: Cr/creatinine 1.7 μg Cr g−1, sweat: 25 μg Cr dm−3) in comparison with the control group (hair: 0.16 μg Cr g−1, urine: Cr/creatinine 0.13 μg Cr g −1, sweat: 0.7 μg Cr dm−3). Tannery workers absorbed up to 13 times more Cr in comparison to controls, the amount varying considerably depending on the workplace and duration of exposure. The main route of Cr absorption appears to be through the gastrointestinal tract, where medium to large particles play a dominant role. The absorption of Cr from leather dust may be more efficient in comparison to inorganic Cr(III) compounds. Under normal circumstances sweat Cr losses represent at least 20% of urinary Cr excretion. The incidence of glucose intolerance and disturbed lipid metabolism was compared between the unexposed (control) population (n=150) and a population of tannery workers (n=138) from the same residential area. The percentage of glucose‐intolerant subjects was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the older subgroup (age>48 years), who were even more obese, but not in the whole tannery population in comparison to controls. In the group of subjects displaying glucose intolerance, those from the control population showed a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) of 32.3 and a considerably larger proportion of females (86%) in comparison to subjects from the tannery population (28.2 and 60%, respectively). There was no significant difference in total serum cholesterol levels between the groups. Results of other lipid variables, such as high‐density lipid (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipid (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, are controversial: namely, the HDL/LDL ratio was higher for the controls, who showed in contrast significantly higher serum triglyceride levels in comparison to the older subgroup ...

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Determination of chromium, manganese, lead and cadmium in biological samples including hair using direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Comparison of different pre-treatment procedures for the determination of chromium in crude oil samples by GF AAS

Comparison of different pre-treatment procedures for the determination of chromium in crude oil samples by GF AAS

Estimation of the homogeneity of reference materials by SS-ETAAS and use of the "tape-sandwich" sample-introduction technique

Chromium status of tannery workers in relation to metabolic disorders

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