Determination of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides and some of their metabolites in cases of animal poisoning using thin-layer chromatography

Zoun, P.E.F.; Spierenburg, Th. J.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91376-1

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Otieno et al (2010) detected residues of carbofuran and its primary metabolites in the talons and beaks of a desiccated African White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus carcass retrieved from an agricultural field in Kenya. In light of these findings, the opportunistic analysis of talons and heads/beaks was also initiated at CAD (Zoun & Spierenburg 1989, Richards et al 2015. Table 1 and 2 summarize the OP and CM compounds (and/or their main breakdown products) that have been detected in the talons and beaks, respectively, of various avian species submitted to the CAD as part of routine wildlife forensics investigations in southern Spain between 2012 and 2016.…”

Section: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talons and beaks are viable but underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors

Richards¹,

Zorrilla²,

Lalah³

et al. 2018

Vul. News

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In Europe and Africa, birds of prey, particularly vultures, are being secondarily or intentionally poisoned with acutely toxic concentrations of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides in baited food items. By the time a mortality incident is discovered, few or no fresh carcasses, considered optimal for toxicological analysis, remain. Regardless, residues are not always detectible in typically analyzed samples (e.g., liver) because death can occur so rapidly. Without concrete forensic evidence to implicate the compounds being used and an intent to poison, ongoing local mitigation and regulatory efforts will continue to be undermined. We have sought additional means of gathering information about deliberate wildlife poisoning by testing the feasibility of detecting residues in decomposed carcasses that would not

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Section: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talons and beaks are viable but underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors

Richards¹,

Zorrilla²,

Lalah³

et al. 2018

Vul. News

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“…Sample preparation, pesticides residue extraction and multiscreening methods were all adapted from those described by Zoun & Spierenburg (1989). Briefly, 5 g of each sample were ground in a mortar with 10 g of anhydrous sodium sulphate (Merck) and 60 ml of dichloromethane (Merck).…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysis For Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary assessment of the palate and tongue for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure in the degraded carcasses of vultures and other animals

Richards¹,

Zorilla²,

Fernández³

et al. 2015

Vul. News

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In many regions of the world, organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides are used to poison wildlife thought to be competing with human activities (e.g. hunting). Vultures may be secondarily poisoned or directly targeted, e.g. for muti or traditional medicine. Some OPs and CMs are so acutely toxic that animals will die with poisoned material still in their mouths -un-swallowed, before traces may have spread to other parts of the body. Even when death is more prolonged, the tissues in which residues have accumulated may deteriorate before the carcass is discovered, minimizing the chances of recovering viable samples for toxicological analyses that would conclusively identify poisoning as the cause of death. With all these factors in mind, we investigated the feasibility of detecting OP and CM pesticides in the oral cavity, with emphasis on the tongue and palate. A total of 60 degraded carcasses (n = 28 avian and 32 mammalian) recovered from various scenes of wildlife crime in Andalucía, southern Spain, where poisoning was suspected, Vulture News 68 July 2015 33 were submitted to the Center for Analysis and Diagnosis of Wildlife in Málaga for necropsy and toxicological analyses. Of these, 20 and 24 avian and mammalian tongues, respectively, could be recovered for analysis. Separately, the palate from one degraded Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus carcass was also opportunistically retrieved and analyzed following an incident of vulture mass-mortality in which nine Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus also perished. Residues or presence of OPs and CMs were detected in one avian tongue (analyzed with food from the mouth) and four mammalian tongues. Our findings suggest avian tongues alone are not optimal, but canid tongues and those of larger mammals may lend themselves well to analysis. Detection of the OP chlorfenvinphos (3.39 mg/kg) in the Cinereous Vulture palate (the only part of the carcass in which residues were detected) indicates this is a promising sample. To our knowledge, this represents the first time that OP and CM pesticides have been detected in tongue and palate samples. We recommend further exploration of oral cavity samples, especially within the context of the risk that residues therein may pose to human health.

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“…Além desse processo, existem outros processos químicos e biológicos que são responsáveis pela detecção de resíduos de pesticidas em TLC e a maior ou menor sensibilidade e seletividade desses compostos vão depender da capacidade que os mesmos possuem de inibir determinadas reações químicas ou biológicas 10 . A literatura apresenta vários exemplos desses métodos capazes de detectar pesticidas na ordem de nanogramas [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] . Compostos organoclorados, fenoxiácidos e triazinas podem ser detectados com nitrato de prata 16 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Inseticidas organofosforados e carbamatos podem ser detectados por reações enzimáticas 15,19 . Herbicidas triazínicos e derivados de uréia, por inibição da fotossíntese 21 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Análise de resíduos de pesticidas em tomates por cromatografia em camada delgada

Moraes¹,

Rezende²,

Nakagawa³

et al. 2002

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 31/10/00; aceito em 6/9/01 ANALYSIS OF RESIDUE PESTICIDE IN TOMATOES BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY. Pesticide residues are determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using the Hill reaction as a detection method. Tomatoes samples without pesticide were fortified with atrazine, diuron, chloroxuron and metribuzin, and were applyed in silica gel plates with the help of a microsyringe. The pesticides were elued with ethyl acetate. There was no need of cleaning up because no interference was noticed. After the revelation of the plates, the diameters of the spots were measure by using a rule. The range of the determined concentration for all the pesticides was from 0.1 to1.0 ng/mL. The results obtained through TLC can be used for semi-quantitative analysis.The results obtained were compared to gas and liquid chromatography, showing good agreement between both techniques.Keywords: tomatoes; Hill reaction; thin layer chromatography. INTRODUÇÃODevido aos riscos que os resíduos de pesticidas trazem à saúde de quem consome alimentos contaminados com eles, há necessidade de um monitoramento constante dos níveis de resíduos dos mesmos nos mais variados produtos 1 . Instituições com laboratórios capazes de analisar resíduos de pesticidas são escassas em muitas regiões e totalmente ausentes em outras. Isto porque os métodos analíticos usualmente empregados nestas análises, que são os cromatográficos, requerem equipamentos sofisticados e pessoal técnico especializado. Além disso, essas técni-cas demandam dos laboratórios de resíduos grande investimento em infra-estrutura e materiais nem sempre acessíveis 2 . Assim, devido ao alto custo das análises, necessidade de pessoal especializado e sofisticação dos métodos empregados, a elevação do número de amostras a serem analisadas não pode ser feita na justa medida da demanda. Conseqüentemente, a busca de novos métodos para monitorar resíduos de pesticidas deve ser estimulada tanto sob o ponto de vista ambiental como o de saúde pública 3,4 . Desta forma, neste trabalho pretendeu-se desenvolver uma metodologia simples e de baixo custo, sem a necessidade de equipamentos sofisticados e de fácil aplicação local, isto é, nas próprias regiões produtoras e distribuidoras de frutas e legumes por exemplo, podendo-se, assim, ampliar o monitoramento e controlar a qualidade desses produtos nas principais regiões agrícolas do Brasil.A cromatografia em camada delgada (TLC) foi a metodologia escolhida e desenvolvida neste estudo para a determinação dos resí-duos. As vantagens desse método são a simplicidade, a instrumentação de baixo custo e a versatilidade, apresentando-se, portanto, adequado à execução de determinações em série. Além disso, a TLC pode ser usada quando as possibilidades de aplicação de outros métodos são limitadas pelas propriedades da amostra, como por exemplo, substâncias termolábeis, baixa volatilidade ou presença de quantidades consideráveis de impurezas dificultando a análise (resinas, pigmentos, etc.) [5][6][7] . O sucesso da separação cromatográfica depende do...

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Determination of cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides and some of their metabolites in cases of animal poisoning using thin-layer chromatography

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Talons and beaks are viable but underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors

Talons and beaks are viable but underutilized samples for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide poisoning in raptors

A preliminary assessment of the palate and tongue for detecting organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure in the degraded carcasses of vultures and other animals

Análise de resíduos de pesticidas em tomates por cromatografia em camada delgada

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