Determination of chlorine in coal via the SrCl molecule using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Pereira, Éderson R.; Rocha, Lucas M.; Cadorim, Heloisa R.; Silva, Vanessa D.; Welz, Bernhard; Carasek, Eduardo; Andrade, Jailson B. de

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2015.10.001

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Temperatures lower than 900 °C were not considered due to the very noisy analytical signal in the case of the fish oil sample, due to the dense smoke caused by the residual lipoid matrix in the tube at these temperatures. The pyrolysis curve found in this work for an aqueous chlorine standard solution was consistent with that found in earlier work (Pereira et al, 2015;Pereira et al, 2014), with pyrolysis temperatures of up to 1300 ºC without loss of sensitivity. As the same high temperature can be used for the fish oil samples, it can be made sure that essentially the entire matrix can be eliminated.…”

Section: Optimization Of Pyrolysis and Vaporization Temperaturessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It was applied for the direct determination of total chlorine in biological samples using Zr as permanent chemical modifier and a PIN-platform tube. Later studies have adapted successfully this methodology for the direct determination of chlorine in coal (Pereira et al, 2015), crude oil (Enders et al, 2016) and milk (Ozbek & Akman, 2016), also using direct analysis.…”

Section: Optimization Of Pyrolysis and Vaporization Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This demonstrates the wide application field for this methodology, highlighting also the robustness of the direct analysis approach compared to other methods that use more elaborate sample preparation. The crucial parameters for this present work, such as permanent modifier (zirconium), graphite tube with PIN-platform, and a strontium mass of 0.10 mg were therefore fixed according to previous optimization (Pereira et al, 2015;Pereira et al, 2014), and the pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures were established comparing the integrated absorbance and the analytical signal of chlorine in fish oil and in an aqueous standard solution.…”

Section: Optimization Of Pyrolysis and Vaporization Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a fast screening method for the direct determination of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in fish oil by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry

et al. 2017

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The occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), mainly organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, was directly associated with several diseases and environmental endocrine disrupting. In the aquatic environment, POPs can accumulate in fish lipoid tissues due to their high hydrophobicity, and become this way one of the main sources of human exposure to POPs through the consumption of fish meat and oil as Omega-3 source. Chlorine might serve as a proxy for the presence of POPs, and a fast screening of chlorine in a complex matrix, such as fish oil, could provide substantial information about the contamination with POPs. Therefore, a method has been developed in this work for the determination of total chlorine in fish oil samples via molecular absorption of the strontium mono-chloride molecule in the gas phase using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry. The effect of zirconium as permanent chemical modifier in the pyrolysis and vaporization stages was optimized in order to avoid the need for any kind of sample preparation prior to the determination of total chlorine, using just a dilution with 1-propanol. The accuracy has been evaluated using micro-coulometric titration after sample combustion, and the values were statistically in agreement (95% confidence level) between both techniques. The method has been applied for the determination of total chlorine in five different fractions of a commercial pooled marine fish oil sample collected from the Pacific Ocean, where the majority of the fish is Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens), two commercial oils from Brazil and three Omega-3 supplements acquired in Germany. The limit of detection of the procedure is 1.8 ng Cl absolute or 0.9 µg g-1 Cl in the fish oil. The time required for a single determination is less than 5 min, and less than 15 min for a triplicate determination.

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Section: Optimization Of Pyrolysis and Vaporization Temperaturessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Optimization Of Pyrolysis and Vaporization Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Of Pyrolysis and Vaporization Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a fast screening method for the direct determination of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in fish oil by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry

et al. 2017

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“…37 The obtained values were 5.0 and 14 µg g -1 , for LOD and LOQ, respectively. Pereira et al 27,28 carried out the determination of chlorine using SrCl molecule and obtained LOD values of 2.0 µg g -1 , in a method for biological samples, and 5.6 µg g -1 in a method for coal. The determination of chlorine via CaCl molecule in food samples, employing two sample treatments, was also accomplished by Fechetia et al, 20 obtaining LOD values of 9.0 and 18 µg g -1 .…”

Section: Matrix Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This molecule is monitored at 635.862 nm and displays detection limits that are similar to certified values. 21,[27][28][29] A method for chlorine determination through CaCl molecule at the wavelength of 621.146 nm was developed by Guarda et al 30 and applied it to different types of certified reference materials (coal, iron oxide, polyethylene, human hair, pine needles, rice flour and milk). The same molecule was used by Bechlin et al 31 for chlorine quantification in cement samples at wavelength 621.145 nm, employing direct solid sampling analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Chlorine in Crude Oil Emulsified via the MgCl Molecule by HR‑CS MAS

Oliveira¹,

Medeiros²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A method for chlorine determination in crude oil samples, through the formation of MgCl molecule, by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS) was developed and is described in this paper. The use of this molecule for chlorine determination in crude oil has not been reported up to now. Measures were carried out at the wavelength 377.010 nm and the samples were submitted to a simple treatment as emulsion, whose composition was optimized applying a simplex-centroid experimental design. Magnesium was used as molecule forming agent at the concentration of 10 g L -1 , at least 500 times higher than the concentration of chlorine. This excess is required to ensure the molecule formation of all content of Cl present in the sample. Chemical modifier Pd was used and improved greatly the signal intensities. Optimized pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures, applied for determination, were 800 and 2300 °C, respectively. Accuracy was evaluated through analysis of certified reference materials, NIST 1848 and NIST 1634c, and addition and recovery tests with recoveries between 92 and 117%. Limits of detection and quantification were 3.0 and 9.0 µg g -1 , respectively. The method was applied to eight crude oil samples.

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Mass Spectrometry‐based Techniques for Direct Quantification of High Ionization Energy Elements in Solid Materials—challenges and Perspectives

Gubal

Chuchina

Sorokina

et al. 2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The determination of nonmetals, first of all, the most electronegative ones—nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, poses the highest challenge for element analysis. These elements are characterized by high reactivity, volatility, high ionization energy, and the absence of intensive spectral lines in the optical spectral range. Conventional techniques of their quantification include considerable “wet chemistry” stages so the application of these techniques for the solid sample is highly laborious and prone to uncontrollable uncertainties. Additionally, current development in material science and other areas requires the quantification of the elements at lower levels with good sensitivity. Owing to their robustness and flexibility, mass spectrometry techniques provide vast possibilities for the quantification, spatial and isotopic analysis, including the solutions for direct analysis of solids. The current review focuses on the application of major mass spectrometric techniques for the quantification of N, O, F, Cl, and Br in solid samples. The following techniques are mainly considered: thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), isotope‐ratio MS (IRMS), secondary ion MS (SIMS), inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP‐MS), and glow discharge MS (GDMS); as the most accessible and widely applied for the purpose. General ionization issues, advantages, limitations, and novel methodological solutions are discussed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Determination of chlorine in coal via the SrCl molecule using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Development of a fast screening method for the direct determination of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in fish oil by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry

Development of a fast screening method for the direct determination of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in fish oil by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry

Determination of Chlorine in Crude Oil Emulsified via the MgCl Molecule by HR‑CS MAS

Mass Spectrometry‐based Techniques for Direct Quantification of High Ionization Energy Elements in Solid Materials—challenges and Perspectives

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