Determination of chloride diffusivity in concrete by AC impedance spectroscopy

Mei-lun, Shi; Chen, Zhiyuan; Sun, Jianyun

doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00079-4

Cited by 137 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Yuan and colleagues (Yuan, 2009, Yuan andSanthanam, 2013) proposed a classification, shown in Table 9, of the methods for which the basic equations are given in Table 2. These methods (Aashto, 1980;Aenor, 2009;Alexander et al, 1999;Andrade et al, 2000;ASTM, 2003ASTM, , 2012Castellote et al, 1999bCastellote et al, , 2001Castellote et al, , 2002Freeze and Cherry, 1979;Friedmann et al, 2004;Halamickova et al, 1995;Lu, 1998;Nordtest, 1995Nordtest, , 1997Nordtest, , 1999Page et al, 1981;Samson et al, 2003;Shi et al, 1999;Stanish et al, 2000;Streicher and Alexander, 1995;Truc et al, 2000) are used in conjunction with analytical methods to determine chloride concentrations presented in Table 8.…”

Section: Chloride Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride in cement

Galán

Glasser

2015

Advances in Cement Research

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Portland cement–steel composites frequently take up chloride from their service environment. The degradation processes and test methods are described through a critical review of the literature. Plain cement paste is not much affected by chloride except for increased solubilisation of cement solids, but chloride is detrimental to the passivation of embedded steel. Emphasis is placed on establishing the underlying physicochemical concepts and mechanisms of corrosion, and integrating these into a holistic picture. Simplistic calculations and test conditions probably do not reproduce well the complex reactions with cement components occurring at the steel–cement interface and the concept of a ‘threshold' – defined in terms of a critical chloride content or chloride:hydroxide ratio – is just an approximation at best: other cement components are involved, as is the oxygen activity at the interface. Chloride binding can retard the migration of chloride in concrete and specimen calculations are presented showing that the main binding mechanism arises from the AFm, [Ca2(Al,Fe)(OH)6].X.nH2O, content of the paste. Suggestions are made to enhance the value of experimental approaches to corrosion.

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Section: Chloride Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride in cement

Galán

Glasser

2015

Advances in Cement Research

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“…McCarter et al (2000) reported that the electrical conductivity and permeability and the diffusion coefficient of mortar showed a good correlation, which shows the relationship between the electrical conductivity and other properties of cement-based materials. In addition, there have been many studies investigating the correlation between the electrical conductivity and other properties of concrete (Andrade 1993;Streicher and Alexander 1995;Sánchez et al 2011;Ortega et al 2012;Shi et al 1999;Díaz et al 2006;Mercado et al 2012;Buenfeld and Newman 1987;Shane et al 2000;Vedalakshmi et al 2008;Neithalath and Jain 2010;Minagawa et al 2010). However, most studies have investigated limited ranges of water to cement ratios (W/C 0.4-0.6), and the relationship between the porosity and conductivity of mortar or concrete, which includes the effect of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), was established as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity and Chloride Ingress in Hardened Cement Paste

Kurumisawa

Nawa

2016

ACT

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The transport properties of hardened cement paste (HCP) have been investigated in many studies; the AC impedance method (ACI) is a non-destructive technique employed for this purpose and has been used in investigations of the electrical characteristic and mass transport properties of HCP. However, there are relatively fewer studies investigating chloride ingress in HCP and using the ACI. In this study, the relationship between the electrical conductivity measured by the ACI and chloride ingress was investigated. Backscattered electron image analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry and water porosity were used to measure the pore structure of HCP, and the chloride ingress depth was measured by an electron probe microanalyzer. There was a high correlation between the porosity and conductivity and between the conductivity and diffusion coefficient of the chloride ions in HCP. This implies that the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions could be estimated by the conductivity measurements.

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“…The impedance response of cement mortar may be modeled as a combination of resistors and capacitors using an electrical equivalent circuit ( Fig. 1(b)) (Shi et al 1999;Xie et al 1993), where R 0 is the resistance of electrolytic solution, R 1 represents the interfacial impedance behavior, R 0 +R 1 represents the overall bulk resistance of the mortar, C 1 is the capacitance of electrode/electrolyte mortar interface.…”

Section: Alternating Current Impedance (Aci)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of PCE Superplasticizer on the Pore Structure and the Impermeability of Hardened Cementitious Materials

Zhang

Kong

2014

ACT

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The influences of polycarboxylate (PCE) superplasticizer on pore structure of hardened cement pastes (HCPs) and impermeability of hardened mortars were investigated. Cement pastes and mortars with different water to cement ratios (W/Cs) and varied superplasticizer dosages were prepared and cured for 7 days and 28 days respectively. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and alternating current impedance (ACI) were employed to characterize the pore structure of HCPs and the impermeability of hardened mortars. Results show that PCE significantly affects the pore structure of HCPs due to its impacts on the dispersion of cement grains in fresh cement pastes. The effects of superplasticizer on the pore structure are associated with W/C and curing age of cement pastes. At W/C of 0.29, increasing superplasticizer dosage results in obvious declines in total pore volume at early ages and reduces pore connectivity. By contrast, increases in total pore volume and higher pore connectivity are found when PCE is incorporated in the paste at W/C of 0.4. ACI reveals that the inclusion of PCE brings about a denser structure and enhanced impermeability of hardened mortars. It is believed that the enhanced impermeability is related to the reduced interfacial heterogeneity and the compacted interfacial zone when PCE is added.

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Determination of chloride diffusivity in concrete by AC impedance spectroscopy

Cited by 137 publications

References 3 publications

Chloride in cement

Chloride in cement

Electrical Conductivity and Chloride Ingress in Hardened Cement Paste

Influences of PCE Superplasticizer on the Pore Structure and the Impermeability of Hardened Cementitious Materials

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