Determination of chemical forms of 14C in liquid discharges from nuclear power plants

DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL 14C CONCENTRATION OF WATER SAMPLES USING THE COD METHOD AND AMS

“…The inorganic fraction should be removed from the sample, before the oxidation of the organic fraction is performed. After removing the inorganic fraction, the sample can be freeze-dried and then the residue combusted, or the oxidation can be done by wet oxidation method by strong acidic reagents or by UV light (Burr et al 2001;Leonard et al 2013;Steier et al 2013;Huang et al 2015;Svetlik et al 2017). Due to the complications and difficulties described above it is still very uncommon that the 14 C in the DOC fraction is measured as a part of a monitoring program around nuclear facilities.…”

“…The aim of the study is to develop an easy-to-use AMS-based measurement method to determine the total dissolved 14 C activity concentration (TD 14 C) of water samples. This can be useful for the environmental monitoring of nuclear facilities and radioactive waste repositories, as there is a lack of data in literature related to the concentration of the 14 C found under different chemical forms (Svetlik et al 2017).…”

Estimation of the inventory of14C and other key radionuclides in irradiated RBMK-1500 graphite based on limited measurements and full 3D core modeling

“…Earlier studies (Ancius et al 2005; Smaizys et al 2005; Narkunas et al 2010) revealed that the radiological inventory in irradiated RBMK-1500 reactor graphite could be dominated by the radionuclide 14 C, however estimations were based on conservative assumptions and lacked experimental activity measurement data. The production of 14 C in nuclear reactors is typically dominated by neutron activation of 14 N and 17 O (Svetlik et al 2017), but for graphite moderated reactors, the influence of 13 C could also be significant (Narkunas et al 2010). The importance of 14 C in the radioactive waste of Ignalina NPP was also presented in (Vaitkeviciene et al 2013).…”