Determination of Characteristics of Erythromycin Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with Preferred PCV Usage in Iran

Talebi, Malihe; Azadegan, Azadeh; Sadeghi, Javad; Ahmadi, Ali; Ghanei, Mostafa; Katouli, Mohammad; Owlia, Parviz; Pourshafie, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167803

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In our study, the major mechanism conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics was the constitutive phenotype (43%) mostly correlated with the ermB resistance gene (52%). The findings of the current study were in agreement with previous reports from our country, in which ermB (50%) was the most frequent genetic determinant among ERSP (20). In a study in Turkey, Kittana et al reported that the majority of the ERSP isolates (88.2%) had a constitutive phenotype and 89.1 and 50% of the ERSP isolates harbored ermB and mefE genes, respectively [22].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…[19]. In another study, conducted by Talebi et al in 2016, the percentages of resistance to tetracycline and penicillin in the erythromycin resistant S. pneumoniae isolates (ERSP) were 85 and 28% [20]. High resistance rates to erythromycin (80.2%), tetracycline (91.2%) and penicillin (47.3%) were reported from China [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Our study showed that 36% of isolates were positive for transposon genes and among them Tn6002 was more common, which accounts for 14%. Talebi et al reported that 47% of clinical isolates of S. pneumonia were positive for transposon genes and the most predominant transposons were Tn2010 and Tn1545/6003 presented in 29 and 25% of the isolates, respectively [20]. Kittana et al observed that 88.2% of clinical isolates of S. pneumonia harbored transposon genes and Tn2010 (37.2%) and Tn6002 (21.8%) were the most common transposon [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2020

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Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristic, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive S. pneumoniae in Tehran, Iran. Results: Of the 44 pneumococcal invasive isolates, 39 (89%) were isolated from children and 5 (11%) from adults. The results show that all pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to linezolid but had varying resistance to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (86%), erythromycin (73%), tetracycline (66%), clindamycin (43%), penicillin (16%), chloramphenicol (14%) and levofloxacin (2%). The range of erythromycin, tetracycline and penicillin MICs were 2-≥ 256 μg/mL, 4-≥ 48 μg/mL, and 0.047-≥ 256 respectively. All of the penicillin resistant isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and in addition to penicillin were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The most common capsular types detected in 64% of the pneumococcal isolates was 6A/B, 19A, 15A, 23F. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 10 pneumococcal isolates revealed 9 different sequence types (STs), including ST 15139 (capsular type 19A) and ST 15140 (capsular type 23F), which have not previously been reported. Conclusions: The study revealed that the S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to diverse capsular types and clones with high rate of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2020

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“…8 The increase of multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. pneumoniae has been reported in the Middle Eastern countries, which is becoming a serious problem around the world. 9 High antibiotic resistances have been reported in some serotypes, such as 23F, 19A, 19F, and 14. 10 Usually, pneumococcal vaccines target several serotypes belonging to antimicrobial-non-susceptible clones i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibility of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> Isolates in Tehran, Iran: A Surveillance Study</p>

Ghahfarokhi¹,

Mosadegh²,

Ahmadi³

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains cause high morbidity and mortality, mainly in countries with no pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) immunization program. This study investigated the epidemiological changes of S. pneumoniae isolates including serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A total of 80 S. pneumoniae samples were collected from patients admitted to Shariati hospital over two periods. Half of the isolates were collected . The antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCV-13 serotype coverage of S. pneumoniae isolates were evaluated among patients with invasive and non-invasive infections. Results: The most common serotypes were 23F (17.5%), 14 (16.3%), 3 (16.3%) 19F (12.5%), and 19A (12.5%) in the present study. The vaccine coverage rates of PCV-7, PCV-10 and PCV-13 were 52.6%, 52.6%, and 83.7%, respectively. S. pneumoniae isolates with the serotype of the PCV-13 showed an increasing trend during the study. Nearly half of the S. pneumoniae strains were MDR, while MDR serotype 19A increased (40%) during the study periods. A small minority of isolates (16%) belonged to non-vaccine serotypes, 65% of which were assigned to MDR. In general, the frequency of penicillin resistant and MDR strains were estimated about 27.5% and 51%, respectively. An increase was observed in resistance to erythromycin and co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: The results showed that majority of the circulating serotypes in our study are related to PCV-13 serotypes. The use of conjugate vaccine in the immunization program and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance can be effective in reducing the pneumococcal clinical burden.

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“…Recent discoveries of methyltransferases have also identified target modification without genetic modification as a means of antibiotic resistance. For example, the erythromycin ribosome methylase (erm) family of genes alter the active site of 16S rRNA through methylation, effectively protecting the site from antibiotic disruption (Talebi et al, 2016). The erm genes are often carried on plasmids, making for a clinically dangerous mechanism of gene transfer.…”

Section: Antibiotic Mechanisms Of Action and Collateral Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Collateral sensitivity and the evolution of drug resistance in Escherichia coli

Deley¹

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Recently, collateral sensitivity networks have created excitement for designing new therapies that could reduce rates of evolution of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. To explore this idea, I tested the key assumption that collateral sensitivity should reduce the frequency of mutation to resistance. Thirty strains of Escherichia coli, each selected for resistance to a single antibiotic, were screened for minimum inhibitory concentration values against twelve drugs to find relationships of collateral sensitivity. Ceftazidime resistant strains showed susceptibility to chloramphenicol. It was therefore expected that growth in sub-MIC concentrations of chloramphenicol would reduce mutation rate to ceftazidime resistance, however, an increase in mutation rate was observed. The results showed that µ was significantly higher in populations evolved in sub-MIC concentrations of cef, compared to plain LB (p = 2.93x10 -5 ) For populations grown in LB µ was 0.011 per 10 9 cells, 95% CI [0.019, 0.005] whereas populations grown in LB and sub-MIC cef, µ was 0.21 per 10 9 cells, 95% CI [0.452,0.158]. There are two likely hypotheses, the first is that the increase in mutation is due to antibiotic related SOS response, and the second is that multi-drug-resistance was selected for in both cases. This highlights the need for evolutionary considerations in designing new drug therapies, as apparent patterns of collateral sensitivity may not be a sufficient criterion.iii AcknowledgementsIt is my belief that the Scientist is the most noble of all God's creatures. To be clear, I do not mean God in a strict religious sense but to signify, as Immanuel Kant did for his age, that science and religion are not so different. They both require a kind of faith enshrined in their devoted. I further believe that anyone who tells you otherwise is lying, or trying to sell you something. In the latter case, the false idea that the practice of Science can offer us any control over nature. This idea is a lie, yet somehow it is true.We live longer, better, and with more opportunity as a species today than ever before, solely because of Scientists. However, do not let the general scientific institution impress you, for not all scientists are Scientists. Therefore, I say that the Scientist is the most noble creature. For a lifetime, the Scientist endures the very human task of drowning in their own mortality as it makes liars of us all, but more than others, they flail in a desperate search for elusive Truths as they bob between the waves. The Scientist bears it all in good faith that their contributions will, one day -through a kind of prayer -bear fruits for those they will never meet. It is a kind of selflessness we cannot expect from evolutionary theory, and thus it is perhaps the least scientific way of life, thus making Scientists the least scientific creatures, and so the most noble. For there is nothing noble in the calculation of humanity, only the arduous Truth behind it. Our greatest achievements as a species come soundly from this self-denyin...

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Determination of Characteristics of Erythromycin Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with Preferred PCV Usage in Iran

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

<p>Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibility of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> Isolates in Tehran, Iran: A Surveillance Study</p>

Collateral sensitivity and the evolution of drug resistance in Escherichia coli

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