Determination of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with direct sample injection

Abstract

A simple micellar capillary electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with UV detection is described for analysis of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by direct injection without any sample pretreatment. The separation of cefepime from biological matrix was performed at 25 degrees C using a background electrolyte consisting of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the electrolyte solution. Under optimal MEKC condition, good separation with high efficiency and short analyses time is achieved. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drug were studied, including the pH and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. Using cefazolin as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for the determination of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were 1-50 and 1-20 microg/mL, respectively; the detection limits of plasma (signal-to-noise ratio = 3; injection, 5 kV, 5 s) and cerebrospinal fluid (signal-to-noise ratio = 3; injection, 0.5 psi, 3 s) were 0.2 microg/mL and 0.3 microg/mL, respectively. Application of the proposed method for determination of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid collected after intravenous administration of 2 g cefepime in patients with meningitis was demonstrated.

On-line coupling of solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis for the determination of cefoperazone and ceftiofur in plasma

“…In the last few years, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has also been used as an alternative to HPLC to analyze cephalosporins in different matrices [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Generally, the electroseparation modes used for these compounds are capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) [10][11][12][13] and micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis (MEKC) [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Assays for therapeutic drug monitoring of β-lactam antibiotics: A structured review

“…Seventeen reports described methods for simultaneous determination of three or more ␤-lactam antibiotics in plasma/serum: 15 chromatographic methods [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and 2 non-chromatographic methods [37,38]. Forty-two methods were found determining one or two ␤-lactam antibiotics, 12 of which determined at least one ␤-lactam antibiotic in other body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ultrafiltrate or used an alternative sampling strategy such as dried blood spots [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Twelve papers reporting immunoassays were also found [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

“…Two methods were found for meropenem [41,42], three for cefepime [43][44][45], two for ceftazidime [46,47], one for ceftriaxone [48] and one for cefotaxime [49]. Four of the nine methods used protein precipitation with acetonitrile as a sample preparation [43,[47][48][49], four did not use any sample preparation [42,[44][45][46] and one used ultrafiltration [41]. The detection method was liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) in five cases [41,43,[47][48][49] and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in three cases [42,44,46].…”

“…Four of the nine methods used protein precipitation with acetonitrile as a sample preparation [43,[47][48][49], four did not use any sample preparation [42,[44][45][46] and one used ultrafiltration [41]. The detection method was liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) in five cases [41,43,[47][48][49] and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in three cases [42,44,46]. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography has the advantage of eliminating the need for sample preparation, which is advantageous to improve turnaround time.…”

“…Micellar electrokinetic chromatography has the advantage of eliminating the need for sample preparation, which is advantageous to improve turnaround time. However, the migration time is quite long (10 min) and conditioning between runs is necessary [44][45][46].…”