Determination of catalyst metal residues in polymers by X-ray fluorescence

Bichinho, Kátia M.; Pires, Gilvan Pozzobon; Stedile, Fernanda Chiarello; Santos, João Henrique Zimnoch dos; Wolf, Carlos Rodolfo

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2004.11.012

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…This technique has been applied very successfully to industries, to the routine determination in polyethylene and polypropylene samples of the following elements: aluminum, bromine, calcium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium and vanadium [43]. The WD-XRF method was also used for the determination of elements in the commercial polymers produced by zirconocene (Al), Ziegler-Natta (Ti and V), Philips (Cr) and metallocene (Zr) technology [44,45]. Another application of this technique is the determination of metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn) in polybutadiene, polyisoprene and polyester resins [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of a new copper(II) ion-imprinted polymer

Kuras

Więckowska

2015

Polym. Bull.

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In this study, a new copper(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Cu(II)-IIP) was synthesized by the precipitation method. Itaconic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 2,2 0 -azobisisobutyronitrile were used as functional, cross-linking monomer and a free-radical initiator, respectively. This polymer has been characterized on the basis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and surface area measurements. The imprinted Cu(II) ions were completely removed from the polymer by leaching with the mixture of 0.1 M EDTA and 1 M HCl. The optimum pH for the adsorption of Cu(II) on to the polymer was 6. The selective performance of the polymer was compared to non-imprinted polymer (NIP) for the binary mixture Cu 2? /Ni 2? and Cu 2? /Zn 2? . The relative selectivity of Cu(II)-IIP was 12.8 and 32.4 times greater than that of NIP as compared with the Zn 2? and Ni 2? ions, respectively. At optimal pH value, the maximum static adsorption capacity of Cu(II)-IIP and NIP was found to be 14.8 and 4.08 mg/g, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of a new copper(II) ion-imprinted polymer

Kuras

Więckowska

2015

Polym. Bull.

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“…Analytical procedures used to determine the criteria analyte concentrations are of crucial importance. Generally, metals contained in polymer masses are determined with the use of techniques such as: AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry) [15][16][17][18], SS-GF AAS [19][20][21], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [16,17,22], X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) [15,16,23,24]. The analysis of metals contained in mobile telephone units in compliance with TTLC procedure is based on mineralizing test samples with acids: HNO 3 or HCl in the presence of H 2 O 2 and the later determination of the individual metals by AAS or ICP-AES, or ICP-MS [21,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of general toxicity of the selected industrial wastes on the basis of the analysis of the total metals concentration

Rauckyte-Żak¹,

Laurinavičius

2014

The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014"

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This paper presents a procedure to determine total toxicity of the selected waste material from scrap mobile phones and their components. The assessment is based on literature data of quantitative analyses of heavy metals (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) in compliance with the TTLC (Total Threshold Limit Concentration) and TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) procedures. Coefficients for toxic criteria equations have been selected on the basis of limiting and standardizing TTLC and TCLP values. The calculated total toxicity value on the basis of the metals content was also verified by comparison with the sum of limited and standard values. The final classification of the waste material total toxicity was found to be a function of determinable concentration levels in the mass of waste material (TTLC criterion) and leachable forms of metals (TCLP criterion). Keywords: total toxicity assessment of electronic wastes; TTLC and TCLP procedures. Nomenclature TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure TTLC Total Threshold Limit Concentration Y (TTLC or TCLP) calculated total toxicity in [mg•kg-1 ] (TTLC) or [mg•L-1 ] (TCLP) using a criteria equation Y SL(TTLC or TCLP) a total pool of TTLC or TCLP limit metal values Y S(TTLC or TCLP) a total pool of all quantitatively analyzed metal concentrations

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“…Nevertheless, the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a well-established analytical technique, and it has great potential for elemental monitoring due to its multielemental, nondestructive and simultaneous analytical features, as well as its capability for direct sample analysis. Moreover, XRF has been successfully used for metal determination in plastics [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], the evaluation of elemental homogeneities in polymer foils using microbeam XRF [15] and even for polymer characterisation [16]. With reference to elemental determination in polymer films by XRF, Ninomiya et al [14] qualitatively analysed black vinyl tape fragments by grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis and Nir-El [6] analysed coloured polyethylene bags by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) for application in forensic examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acquisition time was 500 s. Bichinho et al[12] evaluated Mg, Ti, Cr, Zr and V in several Analyte sensitivity (S i , cps µg -1 cm 2 ) dependence on atomic number. Limits of quantification (LQs, µg g -1 ) for the analytes from K to Sr in garbage bags.…”

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confidence: 99%