Determination of Carbonyls in Pyrolysis Bio-oils by Potentiometric Titration. Faix Method. Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP)

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

Olarte

Christensen

et al. 2016

Self Cite

In this perspective, we discuss the standardization of analytical techniques for pyrolysis biooils, including the current status of methods, and our opinions on future directions. First, the history of past standardization efforts is summarized, and both successful and unsuccessful validation of analytical techniques highlighted. The majority of analytical standardization studies to-date has tested only physical characterization techniques. Here, we present results from an international round robin on the validation of chemical characterization techniques for bio-oils. Techniques tested included acid number, carbonyl titrations using two different methods (one at room temperature and one at 80 °C), 31 P NMR for determination of hydroxyl groups, and a quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both carbonyl titration and acid number methods have yielded acceptable inter-laboratory variabilities. 31 P NMR produced acceptable results for aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups, but not for carboxylic hydroxyl groups. As shown in previous round robins, GC-MS results were more variable. Reliable chemical characterization of bio-oils will enable upgrading research and allow for detailed comparisons of bio-oils produced at different facilities. Reliable analytics are also needed to enable an emerging bioenergy industry, as processing facilities often have different analytical needs and capabilities than research facilities. We feel that correlations in reliable characterizations of bio-oils will help strike a balance between research and industry, and will ultimately help to determine metrics Perspective: Bio-oil Analytical Standardization JR Ferrell III et al.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio‐oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

Olarte

Christensen

et al. 2016

Self Cite

“…Carbonyl titration was performed using the Black/Ferrell method. [29][30][31] This method has been shown to be very reliable, with a variability of 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) for typical FP bio-oils. 6 Additionally, this method employs validation with a known carbonyl compound to ensure proper operation of titration equipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the resol reactions proceed, condensation reactions between phenolic moieties and aldehydes form methylene structures, increasing molecular weight; carbonyl content decreases as the aldehydes are consumed. Although carbonyl titration has been used for FP bio-oils for several decades, Black and Ferrell [29][30][31] recently developed a new carbonyl titration method that substantially improves the previous method by decreasing reaction time while increasing both accuracy and precision. Additionally, this new carbonyl titration method has been approved as a ASTM Standard Test Method E3146, 32 which is the rst ASTM method solely focused on chemical characterization of pyrolysis bio-oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated aging of fast pyrolysis bio-oil: a new method based on carbonyl titration

Black

2020

RSC Adv.

Self Cite

“…The carbonyl titration method employed is available as a separate Laboratory Analytical Procedure [6] and as an ASTM Standard Test Method [7]. Additionally, a video tutorial of this titration method is available [8].…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7.2 Materials 7.2.1 10 mL glass bottles with caps capable of being heated to 80°C (DURAN® GL 25 laboratory glass bottle, clear, with cap or equivalent). 7.2.2 Please see reference [6] for materials needed for carbonyl titration.…”

Section: Reagents and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Aging of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Using Carbonyl Titration: Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP)

Black

Christensen

2021

Self Cite