Determination of carbofuran and its carbamate metabolite residues in corn using a nitrogen-specific gas-chromatographic detector

Cook, Ronald F.; Stanovick, R. P.; Cassil, C. C.

doi:10.1021/jf60162a041

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Treated, dry hop cones contained less than 0.05 ppm of all chemicals, except 3-keto-7-phenol, which was found at 0.12 f 0.02 ppm, and 3,7-diol, which was found at 0.07 k 0.01 ppm (Figs. [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Archer

Chu

Engebretson

1988

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Processed hop cones (Humulus americanus) are an important flavoring component in beer, and it is possible that carbofuran and its metabolites could be found in treated hops and thus in beer. Hop cones were treated with 1.12 kg/ha active ingredient carbofuran (2, 3‐dihydro‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐7‐benzofuranyl‐N‐methyl carbamate) for the control of root weevils (Otiorhynchus sulcatus, O. ovatus). The carbamates in the cones were determined using gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) and a thermionic specific detector. The percent recoveries for the carbamates ranged from 88.7 ± 5.3 to 95.3 ± 6.3% (green hops) and from 88.6 ± 12.3 to 98.0 ± 5.0% (dry hops). The phenolic metabolites were analyzed as their 2, 4‐dinitrophenol ether derivatives, using GLC with an electron capture detector. The percent recoveries ranged from 85.0 ± 5.8 to 88.3 ± 8.5% (green hops) and from 80.3 ± 4.4 to 95.3 ± 3.0% (dry hops). The GLC procedure was sensitive to 0.05 ppm. Control samples in all cases contained less than 0.05 ppm and green, treated hop cones had residues of less than 0.05 ppm. Dry treated hop cones contained less than 0.05 ppm of all chemicals, except 3‐keto‐7‐phenol (0.12 ppm) and the 3,7‐diol (0.07 ppm). Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not established tolerance levels for carbofuran and its metabolites in hop cones, the present investigation shows that residue levels on green and dry hop cones are well below the EPA's tolerances for carbofuran in other commodities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Archer

Chu

Engebretson

1988

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…TLC detected Furadan, many phenols, and other metabolites of Furadan (Metcalf et al 1968). Nitrogen-specific gas liquid chromatography detected only quantities of carbamate nitrogen (Cook et al 1969 Two pens containing 5 ducks each were placed in 2 different Furadan 3G-treated rice fields approximately 1/2 hour after application; the remaining pens containing 5 or 4 ducks were placed in an untreated field. In 1974, we had 6 mallards per pen, 1 pen each in a treated and untreated field.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Hazards from Furadan 3G Applications to Rice in Texas

Flickinger¹,

King²,

Stout³

et al. 1980

The Journal of Wildlife Management

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“…The extraction and estimation of aldicarb was determined as described by ROMINE (1973). The standard curve for aldicarb sulphone was prepared by using acetone solutions of different known concentrations, whereas carbofuran and its toxic metabolites were estimated by using ethanol solutions of carbofuran, according to GoOK et al (1969). Aldicarb and carbofuran concentrations were measured at ^.…”

Section: Nematicides Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of GA₃ on the Phytotoxicity of Aldicarb and Carbofuran on Seedling Growth in Capsicum frutescens var. California Wonder and Rate of Root Knot Nematode Infestation

Singh

Maheshwari

1989

Journal of Phytopathology

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The present investigation dealt with the effect of the two granular systemic nematicides aldicarb and carbofuran, individually and in combination with 100 mg · 1‐1 GA3, on plant growth and root knot formation in C. frutescens var. California Wonder. Both nematicides and GA3 were applied as a seed‐dip treatment. GA3 increased seed germination and seedling growth. All concentrations (2 to 20 g a.i. · 1‐1) of aldicarb and carbofuran, when applied independently, reduced seed germination and length of epicotyl and hypocotyl. However, application of these nematicides in combination with 100 mg · 1‐1 GA3 showed antagonistic behaviour. All the treated seedlings were inoculated with 1000 nematode larvae of Meloidogyne incognita. Vegetative parameters of the plant were studied 15 days after transplantation. A combination of GA3 (100 mg · 1‐1) with different concentrations of nematicides showed a synergistic effect on treated plants. Root knot index in plants treated with nematicides was found to be reduced with increasing concentrations of both nematicides. Maximum reduction in root knot index was observed at highest dose (20 g a.i. · 1‐1) of both nematicides, when applied in combination with 100 mg · 1‐1 GA3. Proteolytic activities were decreased in plants treated with both aldicarb and carbofuran. Supplementation of the nematicides with GA3 resulted in an increase in enzyme activities of the treated plants. Toxic residues increased with increasing concentration of both nematicides, whereas it was reduced at highest concentration of both nematicides when applied in combination with GA3.

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Determination of carbofuran and its carbamate metabolite residues in corn using a nitrogen-specific gas-chromatographic detector

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Wildlife Hazards from Furadan 3G Applications to Rice in Texas

Effect of GA₃ on the Phytotoxicity of Aldicarb and Carbofuran on Seedling Growth in Capsicum frutescens var. California Wonder and Rate of Root Knot Nematode Infestation

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Determination of carbofuran and its carbamate metabolite residues in corn using a nitrogen-specific gas-chromatographic detector

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Investigation of carbofuran and its metabolites by gas‐liquid chromatography in green and dry hops

Wildlife Hazards from Furadan 3G Applications to Rice in Texas

Effect of GA3 on the Phytotoxicity of Aldicarb and Carbofuran on Seedling Growth in Capsicum frutescens var. California Wonder and Rate of Root Knot Nematode Infestation

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Product

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Effect of GA₃ on the Phytotoxicity of Aldicarb and Carbofuran on Seedling Growth in Capsicum frutescens var. California Wonder and Rate of Root Knot Nematode Infestation