Determination of bromhexine and its metabolites in equine serum samples by liquid chromatography – Tandem mass spectrometry: Applicability to the elimination study after single oral dose

Research Note: Pharmacokinetics of bromhexine hydrochloride in broilers after single oral and intravenous administration

“…Following oral administration, the T max in broilers was observed at 1.78 h, which was later than those reported in mares (1.17 h; Waraksa et al, 2020 ), rats (1 h; Iwaki et al, 1990 ), and horses (1 h; de Backer et al, 1980 ). The peak time in broilers is the latest, indicating that bromhexine hydrochloride is absorbed slowest in broilers.…”

“…After oral administration, lower peak concentrations were also observed in other species. For instance, in mares, peak concentrations ranged from 18.2 to 23.7 ng/mL under a lower oral dosage of 0.8 mg/kg BW ( Waraksa et al, 2020 ). In horses, peak concentrations were observed as 13.97 ± 2.71 ng/mL after oral administration at 2 mg/kg BW ( de Backer et al, 1980 ).…”

“…Pharmacokinetic profiles of bromhexine hydrochloride have been determined in various animal species, including horses ( de Backer et al, 1980 ; Waraksa et al, 2020 ), rabbits ( Dutta et al, 2003 ), pigs ( EMA, 1998 ), rats ( Iwaki et al, 1990 ), and dogs ( Vandecasteele-Thienpont et al, 1980 ). However, there is a notable dearth of research on bromhexine hydrochloride pharmacokinetics in avian species, particularly chickens.…”

Chromatographic analysis of bromhexine and oxytetracycline residues in milk as a drug analysis medium with greenness profile appraisal

“…According to a literature review, several analytical methods for the analysis of OTC alone and in combination with other drugs have been reported. These methods include spectrophotometric methods, [10][11][12][13] TLC, [14][15][16] HPLC [17][18][19][20] and LC-MS-MS. 21,22 Bromhexine has been determined by spectrophotometric methods, [23][24][25] TLC, 26,27 HPLC [28][29][30][31] and LC-MS-MS. 32,33 Aer a comprehensive literature review, only one published HPLC method for the analysis of the two drugs in their available veterinary dosage form was identied. 34 To date, no method has been reported for the analysis of the targeted drugs in milk samples.…”