Determination of bromate in drinking water: development of laboratory and field methods

Ingrand, Valérie; Guinamant, J. L.; Bruchet, A; Brosse, Corinne; Noij, Th.H.M; Brandt, Aileen; Sacher, Frank; McLeod, Cameron W.; Elwaer, A. R.; Croué, Jean-Philippe; Quevauviller, Ph.

doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(01)00113-3

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since bromate plays a key role in a number of pathways and biogeochemical processes, its determination has been rapidly developed over the last ten years. A variety of analytical procedures including spectrophotometry [5,6], ion chromatography [7,8], ion chromatography with post column reaction [9 ], ion chromatography online coupling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [10], capillary zone electrophoresis [11 ] and other methods [12] have been used for bromate detection. Unfortunately, these methods use expensive instrumental methodologies, which limits their use for routine analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Surface Sol‐gel Derived Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Copper Complex and Its Application as an Amperometric Sensor for Bromate Detection

2004

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A sol-gel technique was used for the preparation of a three dimensional carbon composite electrode modified with [Cu(bpy) 2 ]Br 2 complex. A reversible redox couple of Cu(II)/Cu(I) is observed at the electrode surface. The electrochemical behavior and stability of the modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The charge transfer coefficient (a) and charge transfer rate constant (K s ) for the modified electrode were determined by cyclic voltammetry, which were found to be 0.46 and 14.2 s À1 , respectively. The modified electrode showed excellent catalytic activity toward bromate reduction at significantly reduced overpotentials and can be used successfully for amperometric detection of bromate. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration plots are linear in the concentration range 0.5 mM À 200mM. Detection limit (signal to noise is 3) and sensitivity were found to be 0.1 mM and 20 nA / mM, respectively. These analytical parameters compare favorably with those obtained with modern analytical techniques. The modified carbon ceramic electrode doped with Cu-Complex shows a good reproducibility, a short response time (t < 2 s), remarkable long term stability (> 4 months) and especially good surface renewability by simple mechanical polishing (RSD for 6 successive polishing is 1.5%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Surface Sol‐gel Derived Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Copper Complex and Its Application as an Amperometric Sensor for Bromate Detection

2004

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“…Bromate analysis was performed by ion pair chromatography with fluorimetric detection after post column reaction with carbostyril 124, according to the procedure developed by Ingrand et al (2002). The quantification limit was found to be 1.6 µg/L −1 by these authors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Addition of Ammonia on theBromate Formation During Ozonation

Berne

Chasson

Légube

2004

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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Continuous ozonation experiments of bromide solutions have been conducted in the presence of ammonia. Solutions were prepared with phosphate-buffered NOM-free water (pH = 8) spiked with high levels of bromide and ammonium ions according variable molar ratio R = NH 4 + /Br − . Our results have shown that in the presence of tertbutanol, the bromate formation presents a delay increasing with the value of R. Bromate formation occurs when total bromine measured by the DPD colorimetric method presents a minimum level and when total bromine measured by the DPD + KI colorimetric method reaches a maximum level. The hypothesis that dibromamine was not quantitatively measured by DPD alone was first made, but unconfirmed, by complementary experiments. So we assumed that, in our experimental conditions, an unknown by-product measured by DPD + KI could be formed by ozonation of bromide in the presence of ammonia. The nitrate formation was found to be lower than expected, probably due to autonomous bromamine decomposition into nitrogen. KEY WORDSOzone; Bromate; Ammonia; Bromamine; DPD Colorimetric Method romate (BrO 3 −) is an undesirable by-product formed during ozonation of bromide-containing waters. Since this compound has been declared a potential carcinogen (Kurokawa et al., 1990), drinking water standards for bromate have been set to 10 µg/L −1 in many countries, including those in North America. In order to comply with the regulations and since removing bromate from water once formed appears to be difficult (Kirisits et al., 2000;Von Gunten, 2003), attention has been specially focused on preventing bromate formation by an optimization of the ozonation processes.During the past few years, much research has been carried out on bromate to elucidate the mechanisms and the main parameters affecting the yield of bromate formation during ozonation. Several authors B

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“…Over the last several years analytical methods for bromate have been proposed with detection limits at lower µg L -1 level [4,5]. For example, gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry was applied for bromate determination after a bromate reaction/extraction procedure [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromate assay in water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with solid-phase extraction cartridges

Cai

Guo

et al. 2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Based on selective sorption of bromide, bromoacetic acids (BAA) and bromomethanes on solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, a sensitive and convenient method was developed for the determination of bromate in waters by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Dionex OnGuard Ag and reversed-phase (RP) cartridges were tested for retention characteristics for bromide, BAA and bromomethanes. When a sample acidified with nitric acid was passed through an RP cartridge, BAA and bromomethanes were retained, afterwards bromide was absorbed as a precipitate of silver bromide and bromate was unretained when the nearly neutral sample passed a combination of Ag and H cartridges. After SPE pretreatment the recovery of bromate was 96-106%, and bromide remaining in the aqueous phase was found to be less than 0.06 microg L(-1) when the original bromide concentrations were less than 5 mg L(-1). Effectiveness of stacked Ag and H cartridges in removing bromide from chloride-containing samples was also examined. Common cations and other anions did not interfere with bromate determination. The detection limit for bromate is 57 ng L(-1). This method has been applied to analyse waters from various sources, and the recovery of the spiked bromate was in the range of 92-107%.

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Determination of bromate in drinking water: development of laboratory and field methods

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Renewable Surface Sol‐gel Derived Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Copper Complex and Its Application as an Amperometric Sensor for Bromate Detection

Renewable Surface Sol‐gel Derived Carbon Ceramic Electrode Modified with Copper Complex and Its Application as an Amperometric Sensor for Bromate Detection

Effect of Addition of Ammonia on theBromate Formation During Ozonation

Bromate assay in water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with solid-phase extraction cartridges

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