Determination of bromate in drinking waters by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection

Creed, John T.; Magnuson, Matthew L.; Pfaff, John D.; Brockhoff, Carol A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00560-2

Cited by 78 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3 Bromate, which is an oxidation product of bromide, is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 4,5 Hence, it is necessary to determine bromate instead of total bromine in environmental samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Iodine and Bromine Compounds by Ion Chromatography/Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Wang

Jiang

2008

ANAL. SCI.

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An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used as an ion chromatographic detector for the speciation of iodine and bromine. Gradient elution using NH4NO3 at pH 10 allowed the chromatographic separation of ionic iodine (I − and IO3 − ) and bromine (Br − and BrO3 − ) species in less than 8 min. Effluents from the ion-exchange column were delivered to the nebulization system of ICP-MS for the determination of I and Br. The potentially interfering 38 Ar 40 ArH + and 40 Ar 40 ArH + at the bromine masses m/z 79 and 81 were significantly reduced in intensity (by approximately two orders of magnitude) by using 0.6 mL min −1 O2 as a reactive cell gas in the dynamic reaction cell (DRC). Moreover, the signal-to-background ratio at iodine mass m/z 127 increased significantly when O2 was used as the reaction gas. The detection limits were in the range of 0.001 -0.002 and 0.03 -0.04 ng mL −1 for various I and Br compounds, respectively, based on the peak height. The relative standard deviation of the peak areas for five injections of a 2 ng mL −1 I − , IO3 − and 20 ng mL −1 Br − , BrO3 − mixture was in the range of 3 -4%. The concentrations of I and Br compounds have been determined in selected water and urine samples. The spike recoveries were in the range of 94 -102% for all of the determinations. This method has also been applied to determine various I and Br compounds in an NIST RM 8435 whole-milk powder reference material and a seaweed sample obtained locally. A microwave-assisted extraction method was used to extract these compounds, which were quantitatively leached with a 10% mass/volume (m/v) tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution in a focused microwave field within a period of 6 min. The major components of I and Br in milk powder and seaweed were I − and Br − .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Iodine and Bromine Compounds by Ion Chromatography/Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Wang

Jiang

2008

ANAL. SCI.

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“…EPA Method 300.1 (Hautman et al, 1997) applied the basic IC principles of the method cited above but redefined the operating conditions (columns, eluent and injection volume) to enable the quantitation of significantly lower concentrations of bromate (MDL of 1.4 µg l -1 ), even in the presence of up to 50 mg l -1 chloride. EPA Method 321.8 (Creed et al, 1998) involves the IC separation of bromate followed by detection using inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) mass spectometry (MS) and has been reported as both a very selective and sensitive procedure with MDL of 0.30 µg l -1 (Creed et al, 1996(Creed et al, ,1997. This method allows for the monitoring of the latter eluting bromide anion (Br -) in the same analysis, although the bromide anion is not listed in the method's target analyst list, Recently, a new EPA Method 317 (Wagner et al, 1998) has been published which improves trace bromate measurements using a postcolumn reagent, o-dianisidine dihydrochloride (ODA); the postcolumn absorbance detection system is connected in series, directly to the instrument configuration described in EPA Method 300.1.…”

Section: Highly Polar and Hydrophilic Dbps And High Molecular Weight mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of methods for the determination of DBPs

Cancho-Grande

Ventura²

2013

Global NEST Journal

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Chloroform and other bromochlorotrihalomethanes were first identified as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in chlorinated water in 1970s. Since then, many other DBPs have been identified such as haloacetonitriles, haloacetaldehydes, cyanogen halides, aldehydes, ketoacids, chlorite, bromate and other organic and inorganic compounds. Due to their occurrence and potential health risks, the U.S.EPA promulgated the Stage I Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (D-DBP) Rule in 1998. To assist water utilities monitoring DBPs in their finished water, the U.S. EPA published a list of approved analytical methods under the D-DBP Rule. In 1996, the U.S. EPA also promulgated the Information Collection Rule (ICR) to collect brackground information on DBPs and pathogens for the Stage II D-DBP-Rule. Actually 500 DBPs are known but few have been investigated for their quantitative occurrence and health effects. Due to the fact that their identification and quantitation have become extremely important to drinking water companies in order to reduce or remove their presence, other analytical methods different from those proposed by U.S. EPA have been optimized and are now commented in this article.

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“…The silica-based anion exchangers can be operated only in between pH 2.0-9.5 while polymeric ion exchangers are stable across the entire pH range. One of the most popular anion exchange groups in the structure of the stationary phases used in ion chromatography (IC) are the quaternary ammonium groups [15,16]. This type of stationary phases exhibits good selectivity for the separation of inorganic and organic anions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of stationary phases exhibits good selectivity for the separation of inorganic and organic anions. Quaternary ammonium groups can be incorporated in the structure of anion exchangers as a result of condensation polymerization of primary amine with diepoxide [methylamine (MA) and 1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether (BDDE)] [16][17][18][19][20]. In this type of synthesis, the tertiary amine and quaternary ammonium groups are formed, which are anion exchange centers when they are used in IC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characterization of polymeric anion exchangers with a dendrimeric structure

Grochowicz

Gawdzik

Jaćkowska

et al. 2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The thermal properties of new anion exchangers prepared via the grafting process to polymeric particles having hydroxyl groups on their surface were evaluated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The support microspheres were copolymers of 1,4-di (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy)benzene (1,4 DMH) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). They were coated with polymeric layers formed by condensation polymerization of primary amines with diepoxides. Synthesized copolymers of methylamine and 1,4-butanedioldiglycidyl ether have a dendrimer structure. By TG/FTIR/ MS, it was observed that new dendrimeric materials exhibited one stage of mass loss with T max1 400°C, connected with degradation of organic layers. DSC and TG experiments showed that water molecules are absorbed on the materials surface. The synthesized anion exchangers exhibited good thermal stability, suitable for their use in chromatographic experiments carried out with higher temperatures.

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Determination of bromate in drinking waters by ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection

Cited by 78 publications

References 8 publications

Determination of Iodine and Bromine Compounds by Ion Chromatography/Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Iodine and Bromine Compounds by Ion Chromatography/Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Optimization of methods for the determination of DBPs

Thermal characterization of polymeric anion exchangers with a dendrimeric structure

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