Determination of Biphasic Menstrual Cycle Based on the Fluctuation of Abdominal Skin Temperature during Sleep

Abstract

In this study, we focused on the uctuation of the abdominal skin temperature (AST) during sleep as a second marker for determining the biphasic menstrual cycle, alongside the basal body temperature. The nocturnal AST was measured every 10 min using a wearable device mounted on the abdominal wall. With this system, the AST time-series data were recorded for a total of 1667, 1035, and 1690 days from seven participants for the menstrual/follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases, respectively. First, the AST uctuation was evaluated by plotting the cumulative probability distribution (CPD) of changes in AST every 10 min from 0 to 0.7 C. The results showed that the CPD tted well with an exponential attenuation curve. Second, the mean attenuation coef cients obtained by exponential regression from the CPD data were compared among the three phases. For regular menstrual cycles, the attenuation coef cient was the highest in the menstrual/follicular phase (8.57; 95% con dence interval 8.44-8.70; R 2 = 0.983; P < 0.001), followed by the ovulatory phase (7.80; 95% con dence interval 7.65-7.96; R 2 = 0.985; P < 0.001) and then the luteal phase (7.24; 95% con dence interval 7.12-7.36; R 2 = 0.985; P < 0.001). Finally, we examined whether the attenuation coef cients can be used as an index to classify the three phases by long short-term memory (LSTM)-based deep learning. Consequently, the attenuation coef cient affected the prediction of the menstrual/follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases with signi cantly higher F-measures of 0.603, 0.328, and 0.660, respectively. These results suggest that the thermoregulatory system may increase the AST uctuation in healthy women during the transition from the follicular phase to the ovulatory phase and then to the luteal phase.

Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Internal and External Load in Professional Women Basketball Players

“…Thanks to technologies such as hormone-specific tests, serial measurements of estrogens, progesterone metabolites, the LH hormone, or new methodologies currently under investigation, it has been possible to improve the monitoring of the woman’s cycle [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Today it is possible to integrate the signals, recording, and calculation of fertility signs with the intention of improving the prediction and detection of each phase of the MC.…”