Determination of benzothiazole and benzotriazole derivates in tire and clothing textile samples by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Avagyan, Rozanna; Sadiktsis, Ioannis; Thorsén, Gunnar; Östman, Conny; Westerholm, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.087

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The analytical methods for benzothiazole and benzotriazole derivatives and quinolines have been described in detail in two previous papers (Avagyan et al 2013;Luongo et al 2014). Briefly, 1.5-2 g of the textile was cut into 5×5 mm pieces and placed in test tubes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recoveries of the analytes from spiked textile matrices ranged from 69 to 102 %, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of repeated experiments ranged from 4 to 18 %. MeBT has successfully been used as internal standard both for benzothiazole and benzotriazole derivatives (Avagyan et al 2013), instead of, e.g., deuterated analogues of the analytes. Deuterated benzotriazole (d 4 -BTri), a commonly used internal standard for benzothiazole and benzotriazole analysis, has been reported to elute in the beginning of the chromatogram and may not be the most appropriate internal standard for all of the compounds (Herrero et al 2013).…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) The method validation is described in detail elsewhere (Avagyan et al 2013;Luongo et al 2014) and shortly summarized in Table S3 in ESM. Briefly, for the benzothiazole and benzotriazole analysis, limit of detection (LOD) and method quantification limit (MQL) ranged from 1 to 36 pg injected and 13-108 pg/g textile, respectively.…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The washout effect during laundry on benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and their derivatives in clothing textiles

Luongo

Avagyan

Hongyu

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In two previous papers, the authors have shown that benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and several of their derivatives are widespread in clothing textile articles. A number of these compounds exhibit allergenic and irritating properties and, due to their octanol-water partition coefficient, are prone to be absorbed by the skin. Moreover, they are slightly soluble in water, which could make washing of clothes a route of emission into the environment. In the present study, the washout effect of benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and some of their derivatives has been investigated. Twenty-seven textile samples were analyzed before, as well as after five and ten times of washing. The most abundant analyte was found to be benzothiazole, which was detected in 85 % of the samples with an average concentration of 0.53 μg/g (median 0.44 μg/g), followed by quinoline, detected in 81 % of the samples with an average concentration of 2.42 μg/g (median 0.21 μg/g). The average decrease in concentration for benzothiazoles was 50 % after ten times washing, while it was around 20 % for quinolines. The average emission to household wastewater of benzothiazoles and quinolines during one washing (5 kg of clothes made from polyester materials) was calculated to 0.5 and 0.24 g, respectively. These results strongly indicate that laundering of clothing textiles can be an important source of release of these compounds to household wastewater and in the end to aquatic environments. It also demonstrates a potential source of human exposure to these chemicals since considerable amounts of the compounds remain in the clothes even after ten times of washing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The washout effect during laundry on benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and their derivatives in clothing textiles

Luongo

Avagyan

Hongyu

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The analytical method is described in detail elsewhere (Avagyan et al 2013). Briefly, portions of 1.5-2 g cut textile were placed in 15-mL test tubes with Teflon-lined screw caps, and the internal standard MeBT was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that reason, the present study was launched in order to investigate the occurrence of benzothiazole and benzotriazole derivatives in common clothing textiles on the Swedish retail market, using a previously developed high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for analysis of textiles with respect to these compounds (Avagyan et al 2013). Most of the retailers and brands investigated in this study are available on the retail markets worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and their derivates in clothing textiles—a potential source of environmental pollutants and human exposure

Avagyan

Luongo

Thorsén

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Textiles play an important role in our daily life, and textile production is one of the oldest industries. In the manufacturing chain from natural and/or synthetic fibers to the final clothing products, the use of many different chemicals is ubiquitous. A lot of research has focused on chemicals in textile wastewater, but the knowledge of the actual content of harmful chemicals in clothes sold on the retail market is limited. In this paper, we have focused on eight benzothiazole and benzotriazole derivatives, compounds rated as high production volume chemicals. Twenty-six clothing samples of various textile materials and colors manufactured in 14 different countries were analyzed in textile clothing using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Among the investigated textile products, 11 clothes were for babies, toddlers, and children. Eight of the 11 compounds included in the investigation were detected in the textiles. Benzothiazole was present in 23 of 26 investigated garments in concentrations ranging from 0.45 to 51 μg/g textile. The garment with the highest concentration of benzothiazole contained a total amount of 8.3 mg of the chemical. The third highest concentration of benzothiazole (22 μg/g) was detected in a baby body made from "organic cotton" equipped with the "Nordic Ecolabel" ("Svanenmärkt"). It was also found that concentrations of benzothiazoles in general were much higher than those for benzotriazoles. This study implicates that clothing textiles can be a possible route for human exposure to harmful chemicals by skin contact, as well as being a potential source of environmental pollutants via laundering and release to household wastewater.

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Vibrational Spectroscopic Estimation of Semivolatile Organic Compound Evaporation From Glass Surfaces

Lee

Jang

et al. 2020

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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The evaporation of the semivolatile organic compound (SVOC) benzothiazole (BZT) from glass surfaces has been estimated by means of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and gas-phase Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectrum in the gas cell indicates the presence of BZT in the air. The density functional theory (DFT) of the vibrational spectra of BZT was tested using the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) basis sets with potential energy distribution (PED) analysis. The BZT thin film could be investigated using SERS by dropping a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) solution on glass surfaces. The intensified modes in the SERS spectra suggest the plausible binding modes of BZT via its N 11 atom on AuNPs. A decrease in the SERS spectra indicate a substantial evaporation of BZT. The concentration of BZT in the air could be estimated as low as~0.8% according to the infrared spectra after 24 h.

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Determination of benzothiazole and benzotriazole derivates in tire and clothing textile samples by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

The washout effect during laundry on benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and their derivatives in clothing textiles

The washout effect during laundry on benzothiazole, benzotriazole, quinoline, and their derivatives in clothing textiles

Benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and their derivates in clothing textiles—a potential source of environmental pollutants and human exposure

Vibrational Spectroscopic Estimation of Semivolatile Organic Compound Evaporation From Glass Surfaces

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