Determination of Benzene and Toluene In Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

Moldoveanu, Serban C.; Coleman, W Iii; Wilkins, J. M.

doi:10.2478/cttr-2013-0853

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this respect, the relative proportion of benzene and toluene in the samples described in this study, 44% and 56%, respectively, is in agreement with the relative proportion of these compounds measured in other tobacco smoke cigarettes measured with other sampling methods, 43% and 57%, respectively [31].…”

Section: Smoke From Tobacco Cigarettes and E-cigarettessupporting

confidence: 79%

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A rapid method for the chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette smokers

Marco

Grimalt

2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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A method for the rapid analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in smoke from tobacco and electronic cigarettes and in exhaled breath of users of these smoking systems has been developed. Both disposable and rechargeable e-cigarettes were considered. Smoke or breath were collected in Bio-VOCs. VOCs were then desorbed in Tenax cartridges which were subsequently analyzed by thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method provides consistent results when comparing the VOC compositions from cigarette smoke and the equivalent exhaled breath of the smokers. The differences in composition of these two sample types are useful to ascertain which compounds are retained in the respiratory system after tobacco cigarette or e-cigarette smoking. Strong differences were observed in the VOC composition of tobacco cigarette smoke and exhaled breath when comparing with those of e-cigarette smoking. The former involved transfers of a much larger burden of organic compounds into smokers, including benzene, toluene, naphthalene and other pollutants of general concern. e-Cigarettes led to strong absorptions of propylene glycol and glycerin in the users of these systems. Tobacco cigarettes were also those showing highest concentration differences between nicotine concentrations in smoke and exhaled breath. The results from disposable e-cigarettes were very similar to those from rechargeable e-cigarettes.

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Section: Smoke From Tobacco Cigarettes and E-cigarettessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…These compounds are not specific for tobacco cigarette smoke, as several of them are found in the BTEX mixtures associated to traffic emissions. However, as documented elsewhere [25][26][27]30,31], benzene, a known carcinogen, is common in tobacco cigarette smoke.…”

Section: Smoke From Tobacco Cigarettes and E-cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 97%

A rapid method for the chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette smokers

Marco

Grimalt

2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…Consequently, an increase in post-puff inhalation depths when cigarette consumption rates were reduced could be a factor responsible for observed differences between the reductions in NNK MLEs and urinary NNAL levels. However, changes in post-puff inhalation depths and duration have little effect on the respiratory retention of nicotine (48,49) and are unlikely to influence the retentions of acrolein, crotonaldehyde and benzene, as these vapor phase constituents are retained at very high levels during typical post-puff inhalations (50,51). Thus, differences between changes in total daily nicotine MLE and urinary NicEq and serum cotinine are unlikely to be explained by changes in post-puff inhalation patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure and Subjective Effects When Smokers Switch to Dual Use of Cigarettes and Either Snus or a Dissolvable Tobacco Product: A Summary of Three Clinical Studies

Round

Campbell

Stiles

et al. 2015

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYA series of ambulatory clinical studies were conducted to evaluate changes in biomarkers of tobacco exposure and subjective product ratings when adult smokers switched to dual use of cigarettes with Camel Strips (Strips), Camel Sticks (Sticks), or Camel (SNUS). In all studies, subjects smoked ad libitum for one week (baseline). In incremental stages over three subsequent weeks, subjects were instructed to reduce cigarettes per day (CPD) by at least 75% and include use of one type of smokeless tobacco product (STP). Product use data was recorded by subjects daily, questionnaires were administered and smoked cigarette filters and used snus pouches were collected weekly, and 24-hour urine samples were collected at baseline and the end of dual use for measurement of biomarkers of tobacco exposure. In total, 100 subjects were enrolled, and 88 completed the studies. At the end of dual use, mean CPD reductions of approximately 60% were reported in all studies. Median levels of biomarkers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and acrolein either did not statistically significantly change or showed statistically significant decreases in all studies. Serum and urinary nicotine biomarkers did not significantly change. Twentyfive additional biomarkers were measured only in the SNUS study. Of those, 18 biomarkers statistically significantly decreased 12.4-35.7%. No statistically significant increases in biomarker levels were observed in any of the studies. Decreases in some biomarkers confirmed that smoking reductions occurred but were less than the reported CPD reductions. Mouth-level exposure estimates suggest subjects did not significantly alter their puffing behavior to compensate for decreased CPD. Acceptability ratings of cigarettes decreased significantly during dual use, while ratings of Strips and SNUS increased, suggesting that the change in use behavior affected subjects' perceptions of the products. Results from these studies suggest that smokers who switch to dual use with either dissolvable tobacco or snus will likely not increase tobacco constituent exposure and may reduce exposure to some tobacco toxicants, especially those associated with combustion. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015)

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“…MLE using filter analysis has also been estimated for a number of compounds in cigarette smoke besides tar and nicotine. Moldoveanu et al have estimated the MLE for a number of compounds including 8 carbonyl compounds (Moldoveanu et al, 2007), 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Moldoveanu et al, 2008a), 26 hydroxybenzenes (Moldoveanu et al, 2008b), benzene and toluene (Moldoveanu et al, 2008c) and solanesol (Moldoveanu & Coleman, 2008a,b, 2009). Biomarkers are not available for the majority of these compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

Charles¹,

McAughey

Shepperd

2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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Methodologies have been developed, described and demonstrated that convert mouth exposure estimates of cigarette smoke constituents to dose by accounting for smoke spilled from the mouth prior to inhalation (mouth-spill (MS)) and the respiratory retention (RR) during the inhalation cycle. The methodologies are applicable to just about any chemical compound in cigarette smoke that can be measured analytically and can be used with ambulatory population studies. Conversion of exposure to dose improves the relevancy for risk assessment paradigms. Except for urinary nicotine plus metabolites, biomarkers generally do not provide quantitative exposure or dose estimates. In addition, many smoke constituents have no reliable biomarkers. We describe methods to estimate the RR of chemical compounds in smoke based on their vapor pressure (VP) and to estimate the MS for a given subject. Data from two clinical studies were used to demonstrate dose estimation for 13 compounds, of which only 3 have urinary biomarkers. Compounds with VP > 10−5 Pa generally have RRs of 88% or greater, which do not vary appreciably with inhalation volume (IV). Compounds with VP < 10−7 Pa generally have RRs dependent on IV and lung exposure time. For MS, mean subject values from both studies were slightly greater than 30%. For constituents with urinary biomarkers, correlations with the calculated dose were significantly improved over correlations with mouth exposure. Of toxicological importance is that the dose correlations provide an estimate of the metabolic conversion of a constituent to its respective biomarker.

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Determination of Benzene and Toluene In Exhaled Cigarette Smoke

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

A rapid method for the chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette smokers

A rapid method for the chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette smokers

Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure and Subjective Effects When Smokers Switch to Dual Use of Cigarettes and Either Snus or a Dissolvable Tobacco Product: A Summary of Three Clinical Studies

Methodologies for the quantitative estimation of toxicant dose to cigarette smokers using physical, chemical and bioanalytical data

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