Determination of benzene and alkylbenzenes in milk by purge and trap gas chromatography

Hung, Chorng-Kai; Hung, I-Fu; Yen, Juh‐Yuh; Hwang, Betau; Soong, Wen‐Jeu

doi:10.1080/02772249809358600

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is possible that gut bacteria produce phenolic compounds from the metabolism of aromatic amino acids. Although aromatic compounds were linked to diseases of the respiratory tract, their appearance in exhaled breath often corresponds to exogenous origins and are widespread in the body, therefore their role as specific biomarkers for infectious diseases seems to be doubtful [15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

et al. 2020

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The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in wild swine, such as in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Eurasia, is cause for serious concern. Development of accurate, efficient, and noninvasive methods to detect MTBC in wild swine would be highly beneficial to surveillance and disease management efforts in affected populations. Here, we describe the first report of identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC) obtained from the breath and feces of wild boar to distinguish between MTBC-positive and MTBC-negative boar. We analyzed breath and fecal VOC collected from 15 MTBC-positive and 18 MTBC-negative wild boar in Donaña National Park in Southeast Spain. Analyses were divided into three age classes, namely, adults (>2 years), sub-adults (12–24 months), and juveniles (<12 months). We identified significant compounds by applying the two-tailed statistical t-test for two samples assuming unequal variance, with an α value of 0.05. One statistically significant VOC was identified in breath samples from adult wild boar and 14 were identified in breath samples from juvenile wild boar. One statistically significant VOC was identified in fecal samples collected from sub-adult wild boar and three were identified in fecal samples from juvenile wild boar. In addition, discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to build classification models for MTBC prediction in juvenile animals. Using DFA, we were able to distinguish between MTBC-positive juvenile wild boar and MTBC-negative juvenile wild boar using breath VOC or fecal VOC. Based on our results, further research is warranted and should be performed using larger sample sizes, as well as wild boar from various geographic locations, to verify these compounds as biomarkers for MTBC infection in this species. This new approach to detect MTBC infection in free-ranging wild boar potentially comprises a reliable and efficient screening tool for surveillance in animal populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

et al. 2020

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“…Seven of these possess a carbonyl group and interestingly the first six of these have been reported in either 100% or high abundance in a large cohort/longitudinal study of faeces, and then with heptanal and octanal at 33 and 30% respectively [16]. The latter three compounds are smoking-derived substances [12] and, additionally, they are common pollutants in the environment, with benzene and alkyl benzenes, including toluene found to be at substantially high levels in urban areas in particular [17]. While a significant amount of toluene, 25-40%, is exhaled unchanged via the lungs, a greater proportion is metabolized and excreted via other pathways.…”

Section: Compound Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body

et al. 2014

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A compendium of all the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from the human body (the volatolome) is for the first time reported. 1840 VOCs have been assigned from breath (872), saliva (359), blood (154), milk (256), skin secretions (532) urine (279), and faeces (381) in apparently healthy individuals. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces. Careful use of the database is needed. The numbers may not be a true reflection of the actual VOCs present from each bodily excretion. The lack of a compound could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from blood compared to a large number on VOCs in breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. collecting excretions on glass beads and then heating to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors' intention that this database will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature, but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.

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“…[ 16 ] Moreover, it is likely that gut bacteria might possibly produce phenolic compounds from the metabolism of aromatic amino acids. [ 77 ]…”

Section: Analytical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Volatolomic Studies as a Frontier Approach in Animal Research

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research studies in volatolomics performed on animals so far. At first, the procedures proposed for the collection, preconcentration, and storing of the volatile organic compounds emitted by various biological samples of different animals are presented and discussed. Next, the results obtained in the analysis of the collected volatile samples with analytical equipment are shown. The possible volatile biomarkers identified for various diseases are highlighted for different types of diseases, animal species, and biological samples analyzed. The chemical classes of these compounds, as well as the biomarkers found in a higher number of animal diseases, are indicated, and their possible origin is analyzed. The studies that dealt with the diagnosis of various diseases from sample measurement with electronic nose systems are also presented and discussed. The paper ends with a final remark regarding the necessity of optimization and standardization of sample collection and analysis procedures for obtaining meaningful results.

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Determination of benzene and alkylbenzenes in milk by purge and trap gas chromatography

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body

Review on Volatolomic Studies as a Frontier Approach in Animal Research

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