Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium in biological samples by hydride evolution and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Methodologies for determination of antimony in terrestrial environmental samples

“…However rapid sample analysis, choice of suspension medium and intrinsic particle size are critical for stability of the slurry, reduction of background noise and overall accuracy of the analytical data. 107,111±113 Less common analytical techniques for the determination of total antimony in solid samples include the use of NAA, 48,108,109 photon activation analysis (PAA), 110 ASV, 103 HG-XRF 105 and UV spectrophotometry. 46 Applications of NAA and PAA are advantageous for antimony determination in solid matrices because samples are analysed in their solid state and minimal sample preparation is required.…”

“…However, interference effects with HG-XRF, ASV and UV spectrophotometry are reported for total antimony determinations in solid samples. 46,103,105 HG-XRF suffers from interferences derived from hydride generation although contributory effects from Cu ions are removed by co-precipitation of antimony with lanthanum hydroxide. 105 ASV techniques tolerate most interfering metal ions up to concentrations around 1610 25 mol L 21 but concentrations of 1610 25 mol L 21 Ge(IV) and 5610 25 mol L 21 Ta(V) depress the Sb signal by 36% and 54%, respectively.…”

“…46,103,105 HG-XRF suffers from interferences derived from hydride generation although contributory effects from Cu ions are removed by co-precipitation of antimony with lanthanum hydroxide. 105 ASV techniques tolerate most interfering metal ions up to concentrations around 1610 25 mol L 21 but concentrations of 1610 25 mol L 21 Ge(IV) and 5610 25 mol L 21 Ta(V) depress the Sb signal by 36% and 54%, respectively. 103 In addition to this, interference from Hg is reported at concentrations around 1610 23 mol L 21 and the formation of a Sb±Hg amalgam is suggested to be responsible.…”

Redoxspeciation of selenium in water samples by cathodic stripping voltammetry using an automated flow system

“…The analytical methods generally used to determine traces of selenium in environmental samples are neutron activation analysis, 6 fluorescence spectrometry, 7,8 atomic absorption spectrometry, [9][10][11][12][13] inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, 14 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 15 ultra-violet and visible spectrophotometry, [16][17][18] gas chromatography [19][20][21] and electrochemical methods. [22][23][24][25][26] The electrochemical methods are specific to Se(iv) and seem to be interesting due to reliability, accuracy and sensitivity advan-tages.…”