Determination of apoptosis through Bax expression in cryptorchid testis: an experimental study

Dündar, Mehmet; Koçak, İzzet; Çulhacı, Nil; Erol, Haluk

doi:10.1007/bf02893394

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…We detected a large number of apoptotic spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules in 3‐ and 7‐day cryptorchid testis. Our results are in accordance with earlier observations, which showed a detectable increase in apoptosis within 2–4 days after induction of cryptorchidism (Shikone et al, 1994) and that spermatocytes were the main cell types that underwent apoptosis during spermatogenesis (Dündar et al, 2005). In the present study, DNA flow cytometry showed that 7 days after induction of cryptorchidism, a new peak appears between the diploid and tetraploid peaks in DNA histograms (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Expression of Hsf1, Hsf2, and Phlda1 in cells undergoing cryptorchid‐induced apoptosis in rat testes

Liu

Qian

et al. 2011

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Surgery-induced cryptorchidism, in which the testes are prevented from descending into the scrotal sac, results in testicular germ cell death, and it is commonly used as an experimental tool in the study of spermatogenesis. However, the molecular events underlying the activation of germ cell death remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate selective cell loss from cryptorchid rat testis by using DNA flow cytometry and by determining protein and mRNA expression of Hsf1, Hsf2, and Phlda1. The hypo-haploid cell fraction is significantly decreased as early as 3 days after surgical induction of cryptorchidism (from 42.01 ± 5.74% to 15.98 ± 3.88%), followed by a significant decrease in the haploid cell fraction at Day 7. At the latter time point, an apoptotic peak of spermatocytes appears in DNA histograms just before the tetraploid peak; the percentage of aneuploid cells between diploid and tetraploid rises as high as 14.05 ± 2.98% of the total cells in 7-day cryptorchid testis, suggesting that a large number of spermatocytes are undergoing apoptosis. The expression of Phlda1 mRNA is significantly elevated 3 days after induction of cryptorchidism. After 7 days of cryptorchidism, Hsf1 and Phlda1 are strongly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively, of primary spermatocytes. Numerous apoptotic spermatocytes are also observed at this time point. These results suggest that the Hsf1/Phlda1 pathway plays an important role in the apoptosis of primary spermatocytes in cryptorchid testis. We present evidence suggesting that Hsf2 is also involved in germ cell removal in cryptorchid testis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Expression of Hsf1, Hsf2, and Phlda1 in cells undergoing cryptorchid‐induced apoptosis in rat testes

Liu

Qian

et al. 2011

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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“…Dundar et al. (2005) showed that while the percentage of Bax expression was rising in spermatogonia and spermatocytes over the first month after the heat exposure in the unilateral cryptorchid mouse model, during the next month spermatocytes were more prone to apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism is mediated by molecular pathways in mouse testis

2010

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The aim of the study was to characterise the alterations in expression of some apoptosis regulators in unilaterally and bilaterally heat-treated mouse testes at different time intervals to 42 days after surgery. Cryptorchidism was induced in immature mice by returning the testis to the abdominal cavity via a surgical procedure. Transcript levels of Bax, Bcl-2 proper, p53 and survivin mRNA and protein were determined in normal and cryptorchid testes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR data verified the elevation of p53 expression and decrease of Bax and Bcl-2 proper mRNA in the cryptorchid testis in a time-dependent manner. The expression of survivin 140 and 40 variants strongly decreased in the bilateral groups compared with unilateral and control groups. These changes were significantly different in the bilateral groups in comparison with the unilateral groups. Immunohistochemistry data showed that the intensity of p53 and Bax expression mainly increased in the remainder cells in the cryptorchid testis and the rates of Bcl-2 proper and survivin expression decreased mainly in the bilateral groups. These observations suggest that multiple molecular pathways participate in the germ cell apoptosis induced by cryptorchidism.

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“…Infertility in the cryptorchid tests occurs mainly because of germ cell apoptosis in response to an elevated temperature. Studies have shown that the transformation of neonatal gonocytes into spermatogonia is inhibited during the early neonatal period, leading to a deficient pool of stem cells for post‐pubertal spermatogenesis 5,23 . In contrast, morphological adverse effects of Sertoli cells such as increasing lipid droplets, disruption of the BTB, and impaired barrier function of Sertoli cells were reported in the surgically induced undescended testes animal models 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorganization of claudin‐11 and dysfunction of the blood‐testis barrier during puberty in a cryptorchid rat model

et al. 2020

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Background Cryptorchidism is known to impair spermatogenesis. The blood‐testis barrier (BTB) becomes defined in seminiferous tubules around puberty and provides a suitable environment for germ cells. Little is known about the BTB in undescended testes (UDT). Objectives To determine the role of BTB during puberty in UDT using a non‐surgical cryptorchid rat model. Material and Methods Unilateral cryptorchid male rats were intraperitoneally injected with non‐steroidal antiandrogen during intrauterine development; the testes were harvested at 4, 5, and 6 weeks after birth. Testicular histology, expression levels of the BTB proteins (claudin‐11, occludin, zonula occludens‐1), and apoptotic cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and TUNEL assay. The functionality of the BTB was investigated by electron microscopy using the lanthanum tracer method. Results The testicular histology of undescended testes 6 weeks after birth showed maturation arrest at the spermatocyte level. The BTB protein distributions were altered in the UDT, with a noticeable difference in claudin‐11(CLDN11) localization from 4 to 5 weeks after birth between control and UDT samples. BTB protein levels were similar. More apoptotic germ cells were detected in the adluminal compartment of tubules in the UDT than in the control testes. Electron microscopy showed that the lanthanum tracer was limited to the BTB of control testes, whereas it penetrated the BTB of UDT. Discussion Here, loss of normal BTB function and impaired spermatogenesis were observed in UDT during puberty. CLDN11 is a pivotal tight junction protein belonging to the BTB. Tight junctions are considered as essential for normal spermatogenesis, and abnormal CLDN11 organization may cause UDT‐associated male infertility. Conclusion CLDN11 disorganization within the BTB may cause spermatogenic impairment, possibly by limiting the BTB function.

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Determination of apoptosis through Bax expression in cryptorchid testis: an experimental study

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Expression of Hsf1, Hsf2, and Phlda1 in cells undergoing cryptorchid‐induced apoptosis in rat testes

Expression of Hsf1, Hsf2, and Phlda1 in cells undergoing cryptorchid‐induced apoptosis in rat testes

Germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism is mediated by molecular pathways in mouse testis

Disorganization of claudin‐11 and dysfunction of the blood‐testis barrier during puberty in a cryptorchid rat model

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