Determination of antioxidant ingredients in Mori Fructus employing ionic liquid‐assisted miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction via ultra‐performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

A simple miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction was developed to analyze multiple antioxidant ingredients (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin) in Mori Fructus by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector. 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide was employed in the elution process as eco‐friendly elution solvent. The effects of some factors on the extraction efficiency of antioxidants in Mori Fructus were optimized in detail, such as the type of adsorbent, the type of elution solvent, the concentration and volume of elution solvent, sample to adsorbent ratio, and the grinding time. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions (RSD) were both below 5.0% and the recoveries of all analytes ranged from 93.5% to 98.3%. Compared with the traditional method, it was efficient, simple and environment‐friendly for extracting the analytes by ionic liquid assisted trace β‐CD matrix solid‐phase dispersion extraction method, due to shorter extraction time, less reagent and less sample consumption. The developed method was successfully used for extracting and determining the active compounds in Mori Fructus sample. Practical applications The antioxidant ingredients play important roles in Mori Fructus because of their main pharmacological activities. Nowadays, a few analytical methods could be applied for extracting and analyzing these target compounds. But these methods not only required much extracting and analyzing time, but also need a great deal of organic reagent, which were not environmentally friendly. Thus, a green and simple miniaturized matrix solid phase dispersion extraction method was proposed for the analysis of these antioxidants in Mori Fructus, which was efficient to be employed for evaluating the quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Achievements and Challenges of Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Usage in the Extraction of Plants and Food Samples

“…Due to numerous hydroxyl groups, cyclodextrins have special chemical properties, which translates into their interactions with other chemical functional groups. β-cyclodextrin has been successfully used in the extraction of antioxidant ingredients from Mori Fructus [80], or isomers of chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid from plants [81]. The methylated derivative of β-CD can form a stronger complex with analytes and shows better solubility and lower toxicity than the unmethylated ones.…”

Recent advances of green pretreatment techniques for quality control of natural products

“…Mori Fructus, one of edible Chinese herbals, has many pharmaceutical activities, such as antioxidants activity, curbing body weight gain, and antiproliferative and apoptotic effect on human prostate cancer cells. MSPD applied β-CD as adsorbent was proposed to extract antioxidant ingredients in Mori Fructus [24]. In addition, 2,6dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) was employed to extract multiple active compounds in Gardeniae fructus [25].…”

“…Besides the small volume of the normal organic reagents were employed during the MSPD process [10,12,15], some novel environmental benign "green solvents" were exploited to elute the analyts after adsorbing. A few scholars applied ILs as elution solvent in MSPD because of high thermal stability, low toxicity, and excellent dissolving capacity in various polarity of solvents [8,9,11,18,24,25]. Grape seed extracts have been reported to have the efficacy of treating cardiovascular disorders, reducing oxidative stress, protecting activity against UVB radiation, and so on.…”

Ionic Liquid−β-Cyclodextrin Vesicle-Based Mechanochemical-Assisted Extraction for the Weak Acid Compounds from Mori Fructus

“…Mori Fructus is popular with people for its pleasant taste and nice color, which is commonly eaten as fruit, juice, liquor, and dessert. Mori Fructus is also traditionally used as medicine, which has the effect of anticancer, antiaging, tonifying liver and protecting kidney, and enhancing immunity and memory . A large amount of bioactive compounds from Mori Fructus has also been reported, including phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, flavonols, vitamins, and minerals, such as cyanidin 3- O -glucoside, quercetin, rutin, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and vitamin C .…”

“…Mori Fructus is also traditionally used as medicine, which has the effect of anticancer, antiaging, tonifying liver and protecting kidney, and enhancing immunity and memory. 2 A large amount of bioactive compounds from Mori Fructus has also been reported, including phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, flavonols, vitamins, and minerals, such as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, rutin, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and vitamin C. 3 Some of the active ingredients from Mori Fructus were verified to hold excellent biological activities and show remarkable pharmacological effects against various diseases. For example, anthocyanins were found to have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.…”