Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistant Genes in Acinetobacter Baumannii from Human Clinical Samples

Abstract

A total of 500 samples including blood, phlegm, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pus were collected from patients on admission in these hospitals. A baumannii was identified by using standard microbiological procedures and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique, while different resistance genes were detected using PCR method. Results: A total of 121 A baumannii was detected out of 500 samples, representing 24.20% period prevalence. A baumannii was detected from all the sample groups, but a higher prevalence was observed in the blood (43.87%) and phlegm (24.11%). Antibiotic resistance profile showed higher resistance of A baumannii to tetracycline (90.90%), trimethoprim (61.98%) and cotrimoxazole (51.23%), followed by aminoglycosides (9.91-31.40%). Relatively low resistance was observed to cephalosporins (16.52-20.66%), quinolones (6.61-9.91%) and macrolides (8.26-14.04%), while the lowest resistance was observed to carbapenems (3.3-5.78%), chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Highest detection for resistant genes was observed for tetA (58.67%), aac (3)-IV (56.19%), sul1 (55.37%) and dfrA1 (48.76%). Relatively low detection was observed for aad A1, bla-genes (SHV, CTX-M, OXA-like, VIM, SIM and IMP) and lowest detection was observed for cat1 and cmlA, while no qnr gene was detected. Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections are posing an increasing threat to the population in these communities. Carbapenems provide an effective option against infections caused by resistant A baumannii.

Antibiotic Resistance and Carriage Integron Classes in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Baumannii from Isfahan Hospitals, Iran

“…Similar studies have been conducted in different regions of Iran too. In a similar study conducted by Momtaz et al (2015) in two large hospitals in Tehran, almost similar pattern was observed that 90.90 % of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from human infection were resistance to tetracycline, 61.98% to trimethoprim, 51.23% were resistance to cotrimoxazole and between 9.91% to 31.40% of isolates were resistant to aminoglycoside compounds [24].…”

Prevalence and phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different types of raw meat samples in Isfahan, Iran

“…Similar antibiotic resistance patterns of A. baumannii isolates was also reported from Iran (Moradi, Hashemi, & Bahador, ), Romania (Constantiniu, Romaniuc, Iancu, Filimon, & Taraşi, ), Turkey (Kulah et al, ), France (Kempf & Rolain, ) and Italy (Zarrilli, Pournaras, Giannouli, & Tsakris, ). Similar findings of antibiotic resistance were also reported in A. baumannii isolated from Iranian human clinical infections (Mirnejad, Mostofi, & Masjedian, ; Momtaz, Khamesipour, Tavakol, & Awosile, ; Tavakol et al, ).…”

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Typing of Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains Isolated from Burn Patients in Iran

“…Also 59% of patients were women in this study. and aminoglycoside compounds in a range between 9.9-31.4% [24].…”