Determination of antiepileptic drugs in biological material

Chollet, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00502-3

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 402 publications

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“…The stationary phase (C 18 ) here selected for SPE analyses is considered a reasonable choice according to Isoherranen and colleagues (2000), Ivanova and colleagues (2003), Vermeij and Edelbroek ( 1994) and Chollet ( 2002), although Pucci and co-workers (2004) argue against the reproducibility of the results obtained from this sorbent among different batches. Considering the high hydrophilic characteristic of LEV, our present elution performed with dichloromethane can possibly explain the low recovery rates found (Table I) and to what is reported elsewhere (Isoherranen et al, 2000;Pucci et al, 2004;Vermeij,Edelbroek, 1994;Zufia et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complete elution was obtained in less than 20 min through isocratic mode, in contrast to Vermeij and Edelbroek ( 1994) and Martens-Lobenhoffer and Bode-Boger ( 2005) who performed gradient runs for their analyses. Remarkably, the isocratic mode of elution is still the preferred choice when compared to gradient elution, possibly because of improvements in column efficiencies as well as issues related to equilibration time, throughput, ease of use and availability of suitable pumps (Chollet, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although time-consuming and highly dependent on organic solvents, LLE is a feasible and inexpensive method used both for TDM and pharmacokinetics purposes (Chollet, 2002;Isoherranen et al, 2003;Patsalos et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates

Freitas‐Lima

Ferreira

Bertucci

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug (AED) with favorable pharmacokinetic profile, is increasingly being used in clinical practice, although information on its metabolism and disposition are still being generated. Therefore a simple, robust and fast liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by highperformance liquid chromatography method is described that could be used for both pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) purposes. Moreover, recovery rates of LEV in plasma were compared among LLE, stir bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Solvent extraction with dichloromethane yielded a plasma residue free from usual interferences such as commonly co-prescribed AEDs, and recoveries around 90% (LLE), 60% (SPE) and 10% (SBSE). Separation was obtained using reverse phase Select B column with ultraviolet detection (235 nm . The intra-and inter-assay precision and accuracy were studied at three concentrations; relative standard deviation was less than 10%. The limit of quantification was 2.8 µg mL -1 . This robust method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples from patients with epilepsy and therefore might be used for pharmacokinetic and TDM purposes.Uniterms: Levetiracetam/pharmacokinetic. High performance liquid chromatography. Antiepileptic drugs/therapeutic monitoring. Epilepsy/treatment.Levetiracetam, fármaco antiepiléptico com perfil farmacocinético favorável, tem sido cada vez mais utilizado na prática clínica, embora informações sobre seu metabolismo e disposição cinética ainda estejam sendo geradas. Um método simples, robusto e rápido de extração líquido-líquido seguido por análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência é aqui descrito para servir tanto a investigações farmacocinéticas quanto à monitorização terapêutica. Além disso, as taxas de recuperação do levetiracetam em plasma foram comparadas entre a extração líquido-líquido, a extração sortiva em barra de agitação e a extração em fase sólida. Extração com o solvente diclorometano resultou em plasma livre de interferentes, tais como fármacos antiepilépticos co-prescritos, e apresentou taxas de recuperação em torno de 90% (extração líquido-líquido), 60% (extração em fase sólida) e 10% (extração sortiva em barra de agitação). A separação foi obtida utilizando-se coluna de fase reversa Select B e detecção ultravioleta (235 nm). A fase móvel foi composta por metanol:tampão acetato de sódio 0,125 M pH 4,4 (20:80, v/v). O método mostrou-se linear para o intervalo de 2,8 a 220,0 µg mL -1. Precisão intra-e interdias e a exatidão foram avaliadas em três concentrações; o desvio padrão relativo foi inferior a 10%. O limite de quantificação foi 2.8 µg mL . Este método foi aplicado para análise de amostras de plasma de pacientes com epilepsia e, desta forma, pode ser utilizado satisfatoriamente tanto para fins de farmacocinética quanto de monitorização terapêutica.Unitermos: Levetiracetam/farmacocinética. Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Antiepiléticos/ monitorização terapêutica. Epilepsia/trata...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates

Freitas‐Lima

Ferreira

Bertucci

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…These systems, which need small volumes, are mainly based on commercial reagent-based immunoassay (FPIA or EMIT) techniques that represent the primary methodology for analysis PMD in serum [95,96]. Chromatographic methods involving GC and HPLC are nevertheless of importance when both the unchanged drug and its metabolites have to be quantified in plasma [97,98] or when the simultaneous determination of several AEDs is required [2,80] as well as in the toxicological or forensic analysis [99,100]. Because the targeted drugs are well known, methods based on HPLC and MS coupling should be available soon for the fast simultaneous determination of a greater numbers of AEDs.…”

Section: Primidone (Pm D)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Either drug or metabolites levels are required for regular monitoring of therapeutic drug levels, for adverse drug reactions, for drug-drug interaction studies, for issues of toxicity concern, for pharmacokinetic, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and bioequivalence studies. AEDs are often used in polypharmacy including up to three different AEDs, each of them having several own metabolites [2]. TDM is more important for drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, where a correlation has been established between drug concentration and its therapeutic and toxic effects (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Methods for Analysis of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Biological Fluids for Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Kang

Park

Kim

et al. 2011

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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Chiral chromatographic resolution of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: a challenge from the optimization to the application

Fortuna

Alves

2013

Biomedical Chromatography

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A large number of the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) presently available for clinical practice are chiral compounds while others, although achiral, may originate pharmacologically active chiral metabolites in vivo. The well-known implications of chirality in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics demand the investigation of pharmacological properties for a racemic mixture and each enantiomer. To achieve these objectives, appropriate chiral analytical methods must be available. This article provides the first review of the current state of the art in chiral chromatographic methods available for quantifying enantiomers of AEDs in distinct matrices. Particular attention is paid to the methodological aspects and optimization strategies that successfully allow enantiomeric chromatographic separation of chiral AEDs and/or metabolites. Furthermore, the relevance of these methods in supporting the discovery and development of chiral AEDs is emphasized. In parallel and whenever available, the principal validation parameters are herein considered and related to the stage of drug discovery and development. In an attempt to optimize anticonvulsant activity and simultaneously diminish toxic effects, many pharmaceutical companies have started to manufacture single enantiomers. Therefore, chiral chromatographic techniques will be essential and the information herein compiled can be used as a framework for developing them.

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Determination of antiepileptic drugs in biological material

Cited by 25 publications

References 402 publications

Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates

Stir bar-sorptive extraction, solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for levetiracetam determination in human plasma: comparing recovery rates

Modern Methods for Analysis of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Biological Fluids for Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Chiral chromatographic resolution of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: a challenge from the optimization to the application

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