Determination of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin polyphenols by ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI–MS) in jussara (Euterpe edulis) extracts

Abstract

This work aimed to propose two analytical methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of major anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds in jussara () extracts, using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These methods were evaluated for selectivity, precision, linearity, detection and quantification limits. The complete separation of 5 anthocyanins and 22 non-anthocyanins polyphenols was achieved in 4.5 and 7 min, respectively. Limits of detection ranged from 0.55 to 9.24 µg/L, with relative standard deviation for concentration up to 7.0%. In jussara extract, 13 of the 27 analytes were characterized. The dominant compound was cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, representing about 73% of the total phenolic compounds content (approximately 23 mg/g of extract in dry weight). Other phenolic compounds found in the extract were: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, rutin, myricetin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, luteolin, apigenin, catechin, ellagic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.

Chemical composition and biological activities of Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) fruit by-products, a promising underexploited source of high-added value compounds

“…Afterwards, the ethanol was removed under vacuum until dryness and re-dissolved in 1 mL of 80% aqueous ethanol, filtered through a 0.22 µm disposable LC filter disk into a 1.5 mL amber vial for HPLC analysis (Rodrigues et al, 2012). This procedure is fundamental to improve the resolution of the peaks and the separation efficiency of the chromatographic run (Vieira et al, 2017).…”

“…Different non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds have been reported in literature, 15 phenolic acids being identified (above all gallic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids); 13 flavonoids (primarily quercetin derivatives, such as rutin); and one stilbene (resveratrol) (Bicudo et al, 2014;Borges et al, 2013;Cardoso et al, 2015;Inada et al, 2015;Schulz et al, 2015Schulz et al, , 2016. Moreover, Vieira et al (2017) identified similar compounds in a hydroethanolic extract of Juçara pulp using an UPLC/ESI-MS, including five flavonols (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, kaempferol, and kaempferol-3-rutinoside), two flavones (luteolin and apigenin), one flavanol (catechin), and two phenolic acids (ellagic acid, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). Schulz et al (2017), in their study on the bioaccessibility of Juçara fruits bioactive compounds subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, also detected aromadendrin (21.6-164.3 µg/g) and ferulic (25.9-181.2 µg/g) acids through a LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.…”

“…In addition to the C3R and C3G main anthocyanins, minor anthocyanin compounds such as cyanidin-3-sambubioside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, cyaniding-3-rhamnoside, pelargonidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-hexoside-pentoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside, delfinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, and malvidin-3-glucoside, have also been identified in Juçara berry samples via HPLC-MS/MS (Bicudo et al, 2014;Cardoso et al, 2015;da Silva et al, 2014;Guergoletto, Costabile, Flores, Garcia, & Gibson, 2016). Using an UPLC/ESI-MS, Vieira et al (2017) identified a similar set of anthocyanin compounds when analysing a hydroethanolic extract of Juçara pulp, including three anthocyanins (C3R, C3G, and pelargonidin-3-Oglucoside). C3R corresponded to more than 70% of the Juçara pulp's TPC (about 23 mg/g of extract in dry weight), more than 4-fold the amount found in our peel extract.…”

Bacillus megaterium strain A12 ameliorates salinity stress in tomato plants through multiple mechanisms

“…The chromatography system was coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) to a Waters Xevo Qtof-MS, operating in full scan mode. The parameters of ESI source and mass spectrometer were exactly followed as described by (Vieira et al 2017). Cinnamic acid was used as an internal standard for phytohormones quantifications, as suggested by (Yu et al 2015).…”

Simultaneous Estimation of Twenty Eight Phenolic Compounds by a Novel and Expeditious Method Developed on Quaternary Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography System with a Photodiode Array Detector

“…However, only phenolics or flavonoids have been considered at a time in most of the studies [22,23]. Very few studies have focused on the simultaneous estimation of all types of phenolic compounds including acid, aldehyde and flavonoids [11,24,25]. Moreover, none of the studies have accomplished the simultaneous separation and quantification of phenolics, phenolic acid, derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoids which are crucial for lignin biosynthesis.…”