Determination of antazoline and tetrahydrozoline in ophthalmic solutions by capillary electrophoresis and stability-indicating HPLC methods

Yozgatlı

Drug Development Research

2020

Ocular allergy is one of the most common disorders of the eye surface. The conventional eye drops lack of therapeutic efficacy due to low ocular bioavailability and decreased drug residence time on eye surface. Hence, the present research work aimed to formulate, optimize, and evaluate the in situ gel for ophthalmic drug delivery. The prepared in situ gel formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH, gelling capacity, viscosity, osmolality, in vitro release study, and kinetic evaluation. ex vivo corneal permeation/penetration study using goat and in vivo studies on rabbits were also performed. Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy was also applied to study possible interactions between drug and polymers. The formulations found to be stable, nonirritant, and showed sustained release of the drug for a period of up to 24 hr with no ocular damage. The developed in situ gels loaded with tetrahydrozoline are alternative and promising ocular candidates for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro–in vivo evaluation of tetrahydrozoline‐loaded ocular in situ gels on rabbits for allergic conjunctivitis management

Yozgatlı

Drug Development Research

2020

Biomedical Chromatography

“…The advantage of using core–shell columns is their greater efficiency in high‐speed analysis without the generation of high back‐pressures, which is typical in UHPLC and requires special LC equipment and connections. The general consensus in the literature is that the positive characteristic of core–shell particles should be extremely beneficial and with future advancements even higher operational pressures will be reached, especially using sub‐2 μm columns in UHPLC instruments (Fanali, Rocchi, & Chankvetadze, ; Fekete, Fekete, & Ganzler, ; Gritti & Guiochon, , ; Gumustas et al, ; Gumustas, Coskun, & Ozkan, ). The best separation with the symmetrical peak shapes was performed using the Kinetex C 18 (150 × 4.6; 5 μm) column.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in this study, one of our aims was to develop a rapid, accurate, selective and reproducible liquid chromatographic separation of EMT, RIL and TEN from the biological matrix on a core–shell column, which offers higher analytical performances than other liquid chromatographic columns. The other method that we present for separation of EMT, RIL and TEN is a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method which offers rapid, low‐cost, environmentally friendly and reliable analysis for a small amount of sample and reagent (Gumustas et al, ; Thormann, Chankvetadze, Gumustas, & Chankvetadze, ). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of the capillary electrophoretic method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination and validation of emtricitabine, rilpivirine and tenofovir from biological samples using LC and CE methods

Gümüştaş

Çağlayan

Onur

et al. 2018

Self Cite

A combination of antiretroviral agents is frequently used in effective treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus infection. In this study, two different separation methods are presented for the simultaneous determination of emtricitabine, rilpivirine and tenofovir from raw materials and urine samples. Developed liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis methods were thoroughly optimized for high analytical performances. Optimization of multiple variables at the same time by performing a minimum number of experiments was achieved by the Box-Behnken design, which is an experimental design in response surface methodology, in capillary electrophoresis. The results of the experimental design ensure minimum analysis time with well-separated analytes. Separation conditions, such as different stationary phases, pH level, organic modifiers and temperatures in liquid chromatography method, were also optimized. In particular, among stationary phases, the core-shell column especially enhanced the effectiveness of separation in liquid chromatography. Both methods were fully validated and applied to real samples. The main advantage of the developed methods is the separation of the drug combination in a short time with high efficiency and without any time-consuming steps.

“…As a first‐generation antihistamine, Antazoline possesses anticholinergic properties and has been employed in combination with decongestants such as naphazoline and/or tetrahydrozoline (TET) to reduce the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. Its mechanisms of action include constriction of conjunctional blood vessels . Long‐term use of the antihistamine antazoline and the vasoconstrictor naphazoline is not recommended because they both can cause rebound hyperemia .…”

Section: Treatment Of Allergic Conjunctivitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical implications of mast cell involvement in allergic conjunctivitis

Komi

Rambasek

Bielory

2017

Allergy

The conjunctiva is a common site for the allergic inflammatory response due to it being highly vascularized, having constant exposure to environmental pollutants and allergenic pollens and having a unique conjunctival associated lymphoid tissue. The primary morbidity of anterior surface conjunctival disorders that include allergic conjunctivitis and tear film disorders is associated with its high frequency of involvement rather than its severity, although the more chronic forms can involve the cornea and lead to sight-threatening conditions. Ocular allergy is associated with IgE-mediated mast cell activation in conjunctival tissue leading to the release of pre- The allergic events during AC occur following exposure to allergens mainly pollens, animal dander, and mold spores. Mast cell activation takes place in two phases: an acute phase, occurring within minutes, and a late phase, spanning from 6 to 72 h after exposure. The acute-phase reaction is due to the release of preformed (e.g,