Determination of amikacin in cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection

Brajanoski, Gordana; Hoogmartens, Jos; Allegaert, Karel; Adams, Erwin

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.03.016

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Quantification was performed by liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection (LC-PED) based on the method described by Brajanoski et al for determination of amikacin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (6). A few modifications were done: as column, a reversed-phase C 18 Hypersil BDS (100-mm by 2.1-mm; 3-m particle size) was used, and the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min.…”

Section: Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Amikacin in Bronchial Epithelial Lining Fluid in Neonates

Tayman

El-Attug

Adams

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Aminoglycosides like amikacin are frequently administered in the treatment of suspected or proven Gram-negative infections in neonates, often in combination with penicillins. Due to a concentration-dependent killing combined with a postantibiotic effect, the bactericidal efficacy of amikacin relates to its peak serum concentration. Consequently, therapeutic peak levels at the infection site will define the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. Renal side effects and ototoxicity relate to the trough serum amikacin concentration, based on the saturation of renal and cochlear cell-binding sites. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of amikacin displays extensive interindividual variability, which makes it difficult to achieve an effective and safe administration in the individual neonate (1).Based on maturational differences in body composition and renal immaturity in early life, differences in both distribution volume (V d , in liters/kg) and clearance (CL t , in ml/kg/min) of this hydrophilic drug have been observed. Because of the higher water content in preterm infants, and thus a higher distribution volume for hydrophilic drugs, a relatively higher amikacin dose is necessary in this population (3,25).Since pulmonary infections can be a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, antibiotic levels in bronchial secretions and bronchial and alveolar epithelial lining fluid (ELF) are of specific interest. Measuring antibiotic concentrations in the lung is not easy and is usually represented by ELF concentrations. Keeping the anatomy of the blood-bronchial barrier in mind, one can imagine that to reach ELF, the antibiotic must pass through the epithelial lining cells linked by tight junctions (14). Consequently, biochemical characteristics like the degree of protein binding and the lipophilicity and diffusibility of the antibiotic will influence antibiotic concentrations in interstitial fluid and in ELF. In adults, we are aware of studies to assess the blood-alveolar barrier after parenteral administration of amikacin. Dull et al. showed that, after intramuscular (i.m.) administration, the highest amikacin serum concentration correlated significantly with the highest bronchial secretion concentration of that individual and that elimination of amikacin from serum and bronchial secretions occurred at approximately the same rate, with a peak concentration that is blunted in the alveolar compared to the blood compartment (12). Since data in neonates are lacking, the aim of this study is to describe amikacin concentration in the bronchial ELF of newborns.

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Section: Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Amikacin in Bronchial Epithelial Lining Fluid in Neonates

Tayman

El-Attug

Adams

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Samples were collected from newborns treated with amikacin, using endotracheal suctioning as described in literature [9,32]. They were kept in the freezer till analysis was performed.…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Ce-c 4 Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that the CE-C 4 D method is not sensitive enough to quantify amikacin at its excepted concentration in BAL. Based on the good results obtained for the determination of amikacin in cerebrospinal fluid [9], the performance of LC-PED was then evaluated.…”

Section: Amikacinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The separation and detection of amikacin and urea have been a great challenge, due to the lack of UV absorbing properties. Various methods have been applied for determination of aminoglycosides in various matrices, including microbiological assay [3], radioenzymatic assay [4], immunoassays [5], liquid chromatography (LC) [6][7][8][9] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Several of these methods used precolumn or postcolumn derivatization with either UV or fluorescence detection [6,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the sake of simplicity and correct quantitation, direct detection methods are preferred. Among these, in combination with LC, pulsed electrochemical detection (PED) is advisable [7][8][9]. Combined with CE, borate complexation [17], indirect UV detection [12], amperometric detection [18] and UV detection, performed in Tris buffer at pH 9.1 with high concentration of sodium pentanesulfonate (SPS) [10] or in pyrophosphate buffer [11] have been described for the analysis of aminoglycosides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Validation of a Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Method for the Determination of Amikacin and Urea in Bronchial Epithelial Lining Fluid

et al. 2012

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Methods were developed to determine amikacin and urea in bronchial epithelial lining fluid of neonates. Urea was determined as ammonium by capillary electrophoresis in combination with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C 4 D). The ammonium was produced by enzymatic conversion of urea with urease enzyme. The background electrolyte (BGE) contained 30 mM malic acid, adjusted to pH 4.1 by L-arginine, and 10 mM 18-Crown-6. Lithium was used as internal standard. A ?30 kV was applied on a fused silica capillary with 75 lm internal diameter (ID) and total length of 65 cm (41 cm to C 4 D detector). The optimized separation was obtained in \3 min with good linearity (R 2 = 0.9998) for urea concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 24 mg L -1 . It also shows a good repeatability expressed by the RSD which is 0.7 and 1.3 % for intraday and interday precision, respectively. The LOD and LOQ are 0.14 and 0.5 mg L -1 respectively. As the CE-C 4 D method was not sensitive enough for amikacin, the latter was determined using liquid chromatography combined with pulsed electrochemical detection (LC-PED). The LOQ for amikacin base was found to be 0.06 mg L -1 . In addition, the linearity was good (R 2 [ 0.995) as well as the repeatability (RSD = 0.1 %, n = 3). For both the CE and LC method, no interference of matrix components was observed and the recoveries were found to be close to 100 %.

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Catalytic Surfaces for Electroanalysis

Cox

Kulesza

2009

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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In this article, electrochemical determinations based on oxidation or reduction processes that require a catalyst to obtain a current proportional to analyte concentration are described. The scope is restricted to cases where the catalyst is immobilized at the electrode surface. In general, oxidation or reduction of a substance at an electrode surface can be the basis of an analytical method as long as the electron‐transfer reaction occurs in the potential window between redox of the solvent, supporting electrolyte, and/or the electrode material. The need for a catalyst arises because only a small fraction of solutes that are predicted on the basis of standard potentials to undergo redox in an available potential window are electrolyzed in the absence of a catalyst at a sufficient rate to provide an analytically useful current. As described later, the common mode of promotion of the rate of electron transfer is by mediation. A problem that results when immobilized mediators are used is that the potential at which the current is produced is related to the mediator as well as to the analytes; hence, many practical applications of catalytic surfaces involve electrochemical detection after separation by methods such as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

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Determination of amikacin in cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Quantification of Amikacin in Bronchial Epithelial Lining Fluid in Neonates

Quantification of Amikacin in Bronchial Epithelial Lining Fluid in Neonates

Development and Validation of a Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Method for the Determination of Amikacin and Urea in Bronchial Epithelial Lining Fluid

Catalytic Surfaces for Electroanalysis

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