Determination of Alloying Elements Ti, Nb, Mn, Ni, and Cr in Double-Stabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel Process Sample Using an Electrolytic Extraction Method and Separate Analysis of Inclusions

Sipola, Teija; Alatarvas, Tuomas; Heikkinen, Eetu‐Pekka; Fabritius, Timo

doi:10.1007/s11663-015-0364-4

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…An inclusion size distribution and chemical composition has been determined in the previous article 15) on the stainless steel sample 1 and it was concluded that a clear majority of the inclusions were Ti and Nb containing inclusions of 1-3 μm in size.…”

Section: Examination Of Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14) In the previous study, microalloying elements titanium, niobium, nickel, manganese, and chromium were determined from a stainless steel matrix and inclusions using the method of electrolytic extraction and elemental analysis. 15) In this study, alloying elements and impurities with even smaller contents were determined from steel matrix and inclusions from a stainless steel process sample. An electrolytic extraction method is used to separate stainless steel matrix and inclusions in two common electrolytes in inclusions studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed experimental design is presented in the previous article. 15) The sample was weighed before and after both extractions to obtain the dissolved mass of the sample. The dissolved sample masses for sample 1 and sample 2 in the 10% acetylacetone electrolyte were 0.15 g and 0.16 g. The dissolved sample masses in 10% HCl electrolyte were 0.83 g for sample 1 and 0.44 g for sample 2.…”

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Determination of Alloying and Impurity Elements from Matrix and Inclusions from a Process Sample of a Double Stabilized Stainless Steel

et al. 2016

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The determination of alloying and impurity elements was performed from a stainless steel matrix and inclusions in process samples. An electrolytic extraction method was applied for the separation of inclusions using two different but commonly used electrolytes, 10% HCl and 10% acetylacetone in methanol. The elemental analyses were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The elements of interest were aluminum, arsenic, copper, vanadium, titanium and chromium. The aluminum containing inclusions were imaged using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The results for copper and chromium in both electrolytes, vanadium in 10% HCl electrolyte and arsenic in 10% acetylacetone electrolyte were in good agreement with industrial data. Titanium and aluminum were measured from the dissolved steel matrix but titanium was also detected in the inclusions. It was concluded that the analytical results for titanium and aluminum measured using an optical emission spectrometer is affected by the inclusions within the stainless steel.

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Section: Examination Of Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Alloying and Impurity Elements from Matrix and Inclusions from a Process Sample of a Double Stabilized Stainless Steel

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“…In addition, the smallest inclusions and precipitates in steel C were also examined by using electrolytic extraction as described in detail in Ref. [25]. Briefly, this technique uses multistep extraction and filtration based on dissolution of the matrix in an HCl electrolyte.…”

Section: Fig 1 -Schematic Process For Sem-eds Particle Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Impact Toughness in Stabilized Intermediate Purity 21Cr Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Simulated Heat-Affected Zones

Anttila

Alatarvas

Porter

2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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The correlation between simulated weld heat-affected zone microstructures and toughness parameters has been investigated in four intermediate purity 21Cr ferritic stainless steels stabilized with titanium and niobium either separately or in combination. Extensive Charpy-V impact toughness testing was carried out followed by metallography including particle analysis using electron microscopy. The results confirmed that the grain size and the number density of particle clusters rich in titanium nitride and carbide with an equivalent circle diameter of 2 µm or more are statistically the most critical factors influencing the ductileto-brittle transition temperature. Other inclusions and particle clusters, as well as grain boundary precipitates are shown to be relatively harmless. Stabilization with niobium avoids large titanium-rich inclusions and also suppresses excessive grain growth in the heat-affected zone when reasonable heat inputs are used. Thus, in order to maximize the limited heat-affected zone impact toughness of 21Cr ferritic stainless steels containing 380-450 mass ppm of interstitials, the stabilization should be either titanium-free or the levels of titanium and nitrogen should be moderated.

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“…Steel cleanliness is governed by the amount, size distribution, morphology and composition of the non-metallic inclusions that originate during different stages of processing including solidification, [6][7][8][9] and is one of the main criteria that can restrict the performance of 347 stainless steel. For example, both formability and fatigue life are strongly affected by the presence of sulphides and oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion characteristics of stainless steel castings

Yin

Yang

Li³

et al. 2016

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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The characteristics of non-metallic inclusions in 347 stainless steel samples taken during a netshape casting process after different holding times and melting temperatures were investigated using electrolytic extraction and polished cross-sections. The inclusions can be classified into three groups: oxides, composite inclusions and sulphides. Within the first two groups the inclusions were subdivided based on their morphology into the following categories: spherical, irregular and clusters. As the temperature decreased, sulphide and NbC precipitated within the steel melt as well as on the surface of existing oxides. The number density and area fraction of inclusions as well as the total oxygen contents increased with higher melt temperatures and longer holding times. The results obtained from thermodynamic calculations carried out using the FactSage™ commercial software agreed well with the experimental observations. In addition, it has been concluded that turbulent collisions are the dominant mode for the growth of inclusion clusters.

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Determination of Alloying Elements Ti, Nb, Mn, Ni, and Cr in Double-Stabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel Process Sample Using an Electrolytic Extraction Method and Separate Analysis of Inclusions

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Determination of Alloying and Impurity Elements from Matrix and Inclusions from a Process Sample of a Double Stabilized Stainless Steel

Determination of Alloying and Impurity Elements from Matrix and Inclusions from a Process Sample of a Double Stabilized Stainless Steel

Factors Affecting Impact Toughness in Stabilized Intermediate Purity 21Cr Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Simulated Heat-Affected Zones

Inclusion characteristics of stainless steel castings

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