Determination of aflatoxin M1 and B1 in milk and jujube by miniaturized solid‐phase extraction coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry

An ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed for the highly sensitive and selective determination of regulated aflatoxins. The extraction of aflatoxins from baby food matrices were performed using liquid-liquid extraction procedure followed by immunoaffinity column cleanup. The higher sensitivity for the determination of target aflatoxins was fulfilled by applying a preconcentration step with immunoaffinity columns after acetonitrilewater extraction. The enhanced selectivity was attained with the triple quadrupole mass analyzer operated in electrospray positive ionization mode. Method validation was tested in five different baby food matrices by recovery experiments. Satisfactory recoveries, between 92 and 103%, with relative standard deviations lower than 8% were achieved in all the tested matrices. The proposed method was found to be specific as no interference peaks were observed for blank samples. The limit of detection of the method was found to be in the range of 0.003-0.008 ng/mL. The validated method was fruitfully applied to the screening of aflatoxins in baby foods and feeds sample retailed in local markets of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The obtained levels of all analyzed aflatoxins were below the regulation limits set by European Agency.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and efficient immunoaffinity column cleanup and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of aflatoxins in baby food and feeds

AlFaris

Wabaidur

ALOthman

et al. 2020

“…Mycotoxins and their derivatives have been primarily analyzed using LC coupled with various detectors such as diode array detectors [12–15], fluorescence detectors [14, 16], or MS [17–23]. Because of its good anti‐interference ability and high sensitivity, LC–MS/MS has been frequently applied to the detection of mycotoxins in dairy products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk screening of mycotoxins and their derivatives in dairy products using a stable isotope dilution assay and LC–MS/MS

Yang

Luo

Mu³

et al. 2020

An liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method coupled with a stable isotope dilution assay was established for the simultaneous detection of 17 mycotoxins and their derivatives (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2; fumonisins B1 and B2; ochratoxin A; zearalenone; zearalanone; α‐zearalanol; α‐zearalenol; T‐2 toxin; deoxynivalenol; deepoxy‐deoxynivalenol; and sterigmatocystin) in milk and dairy products. The mycotoxins were extracted with acidified acetonitrile and the lipids were removed using a Captiva EMR‐lipid column. The average recoveries of the target compounds from samples spiked at three different concentrations were 67–102%, and the relative standard deviations of the peak areas were less than 10%. Limits of quantification (S/N = 10) of 0.004–1.25 μg/kg were achieved, which are significantly lower than the maximum levels allowed in various countries and regions for each regulated mycotoxin. Milk and yogurt products from local markets and e‐commercial platforms were analyzed using the optimized method. The screening showed that aflatoxin M1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins B1 and B2, and zearalenone could be found in milk and yogurt products, especially those products also containing grains or jujube ingredients, indicating that there is a risk of mycotoxins in dairy products.

“…Aflatoxins (AFs) are derived by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and listed as Group I carcinogens by the World Health Organization in 1993 [4–6]. In aflatoxins, the most ubiquitous and toxic is aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) [7,8]. Human exposure to AFB1 occurs by the intake of contamination of grains and feedstuffs (cereal, meat, milk, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid determination of aflatoxin B1 by an automated immunomagnetic bead purification sample pretreatment method combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

We aimed to establish an automated versatile sample preconcentration method based on the modified immunomagnetic beads, which was utilized to enrich for aflatoxin B1 from the matrices. The critical main parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as usage amount of immunomagnetic beads, reaction time, elution time, and blending way were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the content of aflatoxin B1 was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography, the mobile phase consists of water–acetonitrile–methanol (42:18:10, v/v/v), and fluorescence detection was performed with excitation and emission wavelengths at 360 and 440 nm, respectively. Moreover, the performance of preconcentration method was compared with the conventional method based on the immunoaffinity column. The accuracy of two clean‐up methods was within the error range. In addition, the stability and recyclability of the immunomagnetic beads was studied by recycling them five times. The results for the respective analysis in various samples demonstrated that the developed extraction platform provides a promising approach that is simple, rapid, sensitive, and easy to use.