Determination of Aflatoxin in the Imported Rice in Zahedan, South-East of Iran, 2011

Abstract

Background: Rice is common foodstuffs in Iran. Aflatoxin contamination of rice can be hazardous human health and causes economic problems. Objectives: Determination of Aflatoxin levels was investigated on the imported rice which is consumed as the main food in this area. Materials and Methods: Two hundred samples of imported rice consisting; yellow (100) and white (100) rice were selected randomly. These samples were assessed for Aspergillus infection and the Aflatoxins B, G was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results:The results showed, 33% and 47% of yellow and white rice samples had contaminated 0.34 and 0.58 part per billion (ppb) with Aflatoxin B1 respectively. It was observed 13% and 21% following samples had also contaminated 0.06 and 0.08 ppb Aflatoxin B2 respectively. The levels of G1 and G2 Aflatoxins were impossible to identify in these samples. Conclusions: According to proposed standards, none of the imported rice sample had not contaminated more than the maximum allowable concentrations of Aflatoxin.

Mycotoxin Contamination of Consumed Rice in Iran: A Review

“…The results similarly revealed that contaminations in white rice could be more than those yellow ones. Moreover, no imported rice had contamination caused by AFTs higher than standard levels, and the amount of AFB1 was below the internationally acceptable limits for human use, which were consistent with the findings by Mazaheri in which the mean of AFB1 was reported lower than Iranian maximum tolerated limit (MTL) (35). Furthermore, Feizy et al (30) reported that 68.9% of the rice samples (n = 261) had AFB1 at levels greater than 0.2 ng.g -1 .…”

“…Besides, the amount of AFB1 in 8.3% of the sam-ples was higher than the maximum annual concentration (MAC) in foodstuff in Iran. AFB1 was also reported as the highest amount of contamination in the study by Karajibani et al (35), but AFG1 and G2 were not detected in the samples. The results similarly revealed that contaminations in white rice could be more than those yellow ones.…”

“…It had been reported that AFT contamination could be often associated with drought and temperature, and some synthetic or natural protectants could even help in inhibiting aflatoxigenic fungi and AFT formation during storage (2). The summer heat and high humidity could also lead to mold growth and AFT production; so, it seemed that the amount of AFB1 in white and yellow rice samples in the summer was more than that in the autumn and the win-ter (35). The rice grain might also contain some enzymes or chemicals inhibiting AFT production (2).…”

Aflatoxins in Food Products in Iran: a Review of the Literature

“…Karajibani et al (2013) reported that AFB1 and AFB2 in 33% and 47% of yellow and white rice samples were contaminated with 0.34 and 0.58 ppb, respectively. It was also detected 13% and 21% following samples also had AFB2 contamination at 0.06 and 0.08 ppb, respectively ( 67 ). Khorasgani et al (2015) showed that the highest concentrations of AFB1 and total AFs in imported rice samples were 2.350 and 2.704 ng/g, respectively ( 68 ).…”

Approaches concerning Malnutrition and Oral Health in Public Health Nutrition

“…This issue has an impact on a sizable portion of the population, according to Rodriguez et al (2011). Malnutrition and developmental delays are major contributors to child mortality in developing nations, where they account for around half of all child fatalities (Karajibani et al, 2013). The rapid advancement of the nutrition transition in Sokoto has resulted in an increasing prevalence of obesity, which is a critical issue, especially in semi-urban and rural areas.…”