Determination of Adulteration of Honey Syrup Using Open Ended Coaxial Probe Sensor at Microwave Frequency

Yakubu, Abubakar; Abbas, Zulkifli; Muhammed, Adamu

doi:10.4236/oalib.1105448

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…First, there are technics using cavity resonator [2]. For a liquid material, the permittivity value can be measured by reflection method [3,4], or transmission method also [5]. In our case, we use a reflection and transmission method [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Water Content in Honey by Electromagnetics Characterization Measurements

Sparma,

Sennoun,

Sabouroux

2023

PIER Letters

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The quality of a honey can be affected by adulteration through the addition of often unauthorized substances such as sugar syrups or water. The water content in honeys is restricted to 20% according to CODEX ALIMENTARIUS. This research proposes a method which will allow to detect the water content in the honey directly in the jar. The method uses electromagnetic probing with several antennas around the jar. This method is based on the knowledge of the dielectric contrast between a pure honey and a honey containing different water contents. To validate this contrast, a campaign of dielectric measurements has been investigated on two different commercial honeys (H1 and H2) with arbitrary and controlled added water. The added water content in the honey has been varied from 0% to 15%. The experimental setup uses a coaxial transmission line with a sample holder. The frequency range extends from 100 MHz to 5000 MHz. The mixtures of honeys with water have been measured at an ambient temperature (25 • C).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Water Content in Honey by Electromagnetics Characterization Measurements

Sparma,

Sennoun,

Sabouroux

2023

PIER Letters

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“…Many techniques have been introduced for measuring dielectric properties of material in microwave frequencies such as by transmission lines, cavity perturbation and open‐ended coaxial probe (La Gioia et al, 2018). For application in liquid food and semi‐solid materials, including biological materials, open‐ended coaxial probe method has been found to be the most widely used technique for dielectric properties measurement (Bansal, Dhaliwal, & Mann, 2015; Jafari, Khalid, Hassan, Zulkifly, & Salim, 2015; Kataria, Olvera‐Cervantes, Corona‐Chávez, Rojas‐Laguna, & Sosa‐Morales, 2017; Yakubu, Abbas, & Muhammed, 2019). The open‐ended coaxial probe technique uses a coaxial probe with the open end in contact with the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic dehydration under low agitation laminar flow condition: Effect on dielectric properties of broccoli stalk slices at 2.45 GHz

Salim

Gariépy

Raghavan

2021

J Food Process Engineering

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The variation in dielectric constant, ε′ and the loss factor, ε″ of broccoli stalk slices after osmotic dehydration process conducted under continuous solution circulation with low agitation laminar flow condition was studied using open‐ended coaxial probe technique at 2.45 GHz. The results showed that both ε′ and ε″ were significantly influenced by all the osmotic dehydration operating variables. The relationship of osmotic dehydration operating variables on the dielectric properties of the broccoli stalk slices could be established by second‐order polynomial model, with the coefficient of determination higher than .9. Compared to fresh sample, the ε′ decreases and ε″ increases when broccoli stalk is subjected to the osmotic dehydration pretreatment under its optimum conditions of mass transfer exchange process. Higher dissipation factor with shorter penetration depth was obtained after osmotic pretreatment, which could facilitate absorption of energy during microwave drying of broccoli stalk slices.Practical ApplicationsDielectric properties are key factors to understand the interaction of microwaves with food materials. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in osmotic dehydration used as pretreatment prior to microwave drying to achieve faster drying time and improves the final product quality. As osmotic dehydration process will cause a change in the dielectric properties of the food material and its ability to absorb microwaves energy, this work investigated the effects of osmotic dehydration on the dielectric properties of broccoli stalk slices at 2.45 GHz. The osmo‐pretreated sample improved the dielectric properties which result in rapid heating and therefore lead to fast drying process. The information provided in this study is helpful in the development of dried broccoli stalk slices using microwave drying.

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“…En(Guo et al, 2011) caramelo.• Referencias:(Puranik et al, 1991;Guo et al, 2010Guo et al, , 2011Z. Li et al, 2017;Yakubu et al, 2019)…”

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Contribuciones para la caracterización de amplio espectro de soluciones líquidas mediante tecnología SDR

Gaviro¹

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Dielectric properties of matter are a key fact on substance characterization processes. Usually, these are evaluated by means of high energy excitations that could even destroy the sample, depending on the system used. This kind of systems require very expensive, bulky and fragile instrumentation devices, lacking portability and requiring specifically trained technicians for its operation.This Thesis shows a liquid phase chemical solutions characterization system, based on contactless ultra-wideband low power electromagnetic excitations. It is a low cost, portable, compact -implies near field operation-, non destructive analysis device and, also, it does not require highly skilled personal to be used. Thus, it is specially suited for field and adverse environment operation, being an alternative to traditional measuring devices.The core of this work is about the design of the physical system itself, so it involved the design and development of a transmitter-receptor pair to do the sample under test measurements. The sample is placed under a mechanically determined geometry, in order to achieve a high repeatability.An auto-calibrated, differential substance characterization methodology has been developed too. By means of this, it is possible to attenuate some of the issues related to compound quantification estimation in mixtures. This method also allows to compare measurements between different devices and along time, if all the general environment conditions are maintained.The system employs Software Defined Radio -SDR-technology, due to the high flexibility on complex waveform receiving and transmitting. As an additional advantage it is easy to find in the market at a low cost. Due to SDR are not designed

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Determination of Adulteration of Honey Syrup Using Open Ended Coaxial Probe Sensor at Microwave Frequency

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Detection of Water Content in Honey by Electromagnetics Characterization Measurements

Detection of Water Content in Honey by Electromagnetics Characterization Measurements

Osmotic dehydration under low agitation laminar flow condition: Effect on dielectric properties of broccoli stalk slices at 2.45 GHz

Contribuciones para la caracterización de amplio espectro de soluciones líquidas mediante tecnología SDR

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