Determination of adenosine deaminase activity in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine serum ADA activity in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. In this study, a total of 37 cross-bred cattle which 27 of it showing clinical signs of theileriosis constituted infected group and 10 healthy cattle as control group were used as animal materials. Infected group divided into three groups according to their PCV values. Cattle with PCV > or = 25 were put on group I (n = 9), those with PCV 13-24 were put on group II (n = 11) and those with PCV < or = 12 were put on group III (n = 7). Microscopical diagnosis of the disease was also made. Hematological parameters, serum enzyme activities (ADA, AST, ALT and ALP) were determined in all cattle. Hematological results revealed that significant progressive decreases in HGB, PLT, PBML counts and ratios from group I onwards to group III, whereas the WBC, PBPL counts and ratios showed an increase from group I onwards to group III. The serum ADA, AST, ALT and ALP activity increased significantly in all infected groups compared to control group. However, these parameters were also observed to decrease progressively from group I to group III. Furthermore, the highest increase in enzyme activities observed in the infected group I. But, these enzyme's activities started to decrease in infected group II and III in parallel with PBML and PLT counts. Eventhough, this decrease did not reach to the values obtained from control group. On the contrary, PBPL counts and ratios increased in infected group II and III in contrast to decrease in PCV. As a result, increased serum ADA activity in tropical theileriosis may reflect the involvement of the cellular immune responses.

Relationship between degree of anemia and blood gases in cattle with theileriosis

“…In this study, the development of primarily compensated metabolic acidosis was detected in all infected animals with theileriosis, but metabolic acidosis could go into uncompensated form (lowest HCO 3 , TCO 2 , and PCO 2 compared to the other groups) in the severely anemic group. In this study, clinical findings in cattle with theileriosis were consistent with those reported by other researchers (2,3,21). As reported by others (2,3), petechial hemorrhage was observed on the planum nasolabiale and inner parts of the pinna in one patient.…”

“…These results were parallel to those of other researchers (21,22), indicating that inflammatory responses (22) increased due to the disease or that lymphocyte proliferation (23) occurred in lymphoid organs to fight against protozoa invading the organism. There was no difference between the anemia groups as far as WBC levels concerned (24).…”

“…Other researchers have reported changes in hematological parameters in cattle with theileriosis (20,21). The changes observed in hematological parameters and blood gas levels were only studied by Gökçe et al (16), but there seems to be no study that observed the relationship between the degree of anemia and changes in venous blood gases in cattle with theileriosis.…”

“…The gradual increase observed in SO 2 values from Group 2 to Group 4 ( Table 2) and especially the SO 2 increase observed in the severely anemic group (P < 0.05) compared to other groups (Groups 1 and 2) could be explained as chronicity of theileriosis, as Beers and Berkow also reported similar findings (33). There is a progressive development of anemia in theileriosis (1)(2)(3)5,7,21), and severe anemia can be associated with the duration of disease. The increase in oxygen saturation is probably dependent on the shift in oxygen dissociation curve to the left (34) as a result of the methemoglobin formations, which increase parallel to anemia severity (7,35).…”

Activity of cholinesterases and adenosine deaminase in blood and serum of rats experimentally infected withTrypanosoma cruzi

“…Reported cases of leishmaniasis and theileriasis described an increase in ADA activity in serum of infected mammals (Khambu et al, 2007;Altug et al, 2008). The reduction in ADA activity could cause an increase in extracellular concentrations of adenosine, which would be converted to inosine.…”